Gut microbiome in acute pancreatitis: A review based on current literature

Figure 1 Pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis. Damage in the pancreas' acinar cell causes trypsin activation following cell membrane trafficking impairment, with subsequent activation of the zymogen cascade by trypsin. Attraction and activation of leukocytes occur with the release of many proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as chemokines. An overt and sustained activation of proinflammatory mediators leads to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), which may further proceed to multiorgan failure, pancreatic necrosis and sepsis with late complications of acute pancreatitis.