Naïve hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B patients are at risk of carotid atherosclerosis: A prospective study

Table 3 Factors associated with the presence of carotid plaques in a propensity score matched by age, sex and main cardiovascular risk factors

	Groups of study			Univariate analysis	Multivariate analysis
	Chronic hepatitis B, n = 49	Inactive carriers, n = 49	Controls, n = 49	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
Age, yr	48.4 ± 12.0	48.7 ± 13.0	47.1 ± 11.3	0.78
Age > 50 yr (%)	25 (51.0)	24 (49.0)	23 (46.9)	0.92	1.30 (1.12-1.50)	0.01
Male sex (%)	31 (64.6)	31 (63.3)	31 (63.3)	1		0.72
Caucasian race (%)	35 (72.9)	32 (65.3)	38 (77.6)	0.41		-
Cardiovascular risk factors (%)
Tobacco exposure	15 (31.3)	13 (26.5)	16 (32.7)	0.80		0.71
Hypertension	11 (22.9)	10 (20.4)	11 (22.4)	0.96		0.40
Diabetes	4 (8.3)	5 (10.2)	3 (6.1)	0.76		0.57
Dyslipidemia	3 (6.3)	3 (6.1)	5 (10.2)	0.68		0.54
Central obesity	10 (20.8)	10 (20.4)	10 (20.4)	1		0.06
BMI, kg/m2	26.0 ± 3.9	26.3 ± 4.9	26.4 ± 3.8	0.90		0.16
ALT, IU/mL	48.6 ± 9.4	26.9 ± 9.4	25.2 ± 9.6	< 0.001		0.08
GGT, IU/mL	60.7 ± 87.9	42.7 ± 106.0	37.7 ± 50.9	0.45		0.07
LDL, mg/dL1	116.9 ± 30.7	120.3 ± 32.6	112.7 ± 35.3	0.72		0.87
Triglycerides, mg/dL	96.4 ± 46.3	99.0 ± 57.5	115.3 ± 77.1	0.30		0.41
HOMA index2	4.2 ± 3.5	4.7 ± 5.8	2.6 ± 2.6	0.14		0.40
Transient elastography, kPa	11.3 ± 10.9	5.7 ± 3.0	5.0 ± 7.9	< 0.001		0.80
CAP, dB/m	227.4 ± 55.0	232.1 ± 48.6	251.5 ± 62.8	0.095		0.49
Chronic hepatitis B state (%)	49 (100)	0 (0)	0 (0)	< 0.001	1.26 (1.09-1.47)	0.03

¹Only available for 34 controls.

²Only available for 25 non-infected controls. ALT: Alanine transaminase; CAP: Control attenuation parameter; GGT: Gamma glutamyltransferase; BMI: Body mass index; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; CI: Confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio; HOMA: Homeostasis model assessment.