Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Gastroenterol. Aug 7, 2021; 27(29): 4784-4801
Published online Aug 7, 2021. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i29.4784
Table 2 Up-to-date methods for obtaining expandable human liver organoids
Initial cells
Expansion systems (substrate for embedding)
Medium
Expansion capability (Split ratio/passage days/expansion duration)
Ref.
Fetal and adult hepatocytes3D, MatrigelAdDMEM/F12, B27, N-Acetylcysteine, gastrin, RSPO1, Noggin, Wnt, EGF, FGF7, FGF10, HGF, TGFa, Nicotinamide, A83-01, CHIR99021 and Y276321:3/7-8 d/> 16 passages2018[70]
EpCAM+ bile duct cells3D, Matrigel or BME gelAdDMEM/F12, N2, B27, N-Acetylcysteine, gastrin, RSPO1, Noggin (d0-3), Wnt (d0-3), EGF, FGF10, FGF19, HGF, Nicotinamide, A83-01, FSK, and Y27632 (d0-3)1:4-1:8/7-10 d/6 mo2015[69]
EpCAM+ bile duct cells3D, BME gelAdDMEM/F12, B27, N-Acetylcysteine, gastrin, RSPO1, Noggin (d0-3), Wnt (d0-3), EGF, FGF10, FGF19, HGF, Nicotinamide, A83-01, FSK, and Y27632 (d0-3)1:5/7-10 d/> 6 mo2019[107]
iPSC derived EpCAM+ hepatic progenitors3D, MatrigelAdDMEM/F12, B27, N-Acetylcysteine, gastrin, RSPO1, Noggin (d0-3), Wnt (d0-3), EGF, FGF10, HGF, Nicotinamide, A83-01, FSK and Y27632 (d0-3)1:4-1:8/7-10 d/9-12 mo2019[71]
PSC-derived hepatocytes3D, MatrigelAdDMEM/F12, N2, B27, N-Acetylcysteine, gastrin, RSPO1, EGF, FGF10, HGF, Nicotinamide, A83-01, FSK1:3-1:10/7 d/3 mo2019[72]
PSCs transduced with PROX1, ATF5 and CYP3A43D, MatrigelAPEL mediumNA/10 d/17 d2021[66]