Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Gastroenterol. Jul 28, 2021; 27(28): 4582-4602
Published online Jul 28, 2021. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i28.4582
Figure 3
Figure 3 Contribution of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling to cell responses under hypoxia. Mitogen-activated protein kinases comprise of a family of proteins that regulate physiological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival, which play major roles in cancer development and progression. Differential inhibition of protein kinases might be used to attenuate the progression of the disease. Created with BioRender.com. ERK5: Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 5; JNK: c-Jun amino-terminal kinase; MAPKs: Mitogen-activated protein kinases; PC: Pancreatic cancer; PSC: Pancreatic stellate cells.