Modulation of cell physiology under hypoxia in pancreatic cancer

Figure 2 Hypoxia-evoked antioxidant response. In response to the increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species under hypoxia, cells activate intracellular pathways that provide antioxidant protection. Among them, the Nrf2 pathway plays a critical role by coordinating the activation of cytoprotective genes that lead to the expression of major antioxidant enzymes. Created with BioRender.com. APE1/Ref-1: AP endonuclease1/Redox effector factor 1; HIFs: Hypoxia-inducible factors; NF-B: Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2; SOD: Superoxide dismutases.