Acute kidney injury and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis

Table 3 The previous and current definition and nomenclature of hepatorenal syndrome[14,19,21-23]

	Previous and current definition and nomenclature
Criteria to confirm of HRS vs other etiology of renal dysfunction	To diagnose HRS, patients must have: (1) The presence of ascites; (2) No improvement of creatinine after holding diuretics; (3) No improvement after 48 h of albumin supplementation (1 g/kg/d); (4) No signs of shock; (5) No recent nephrotoxic medications (antibiotics, contrast, NSAIDs); and (6) No signs of kidney disease (proteinuria, microhematuria, no findings on renal ultrasound)
HRS type 1 (most recent definition in 2007)	Rapid renal injury (within two weeks) defined by 2 × baseline serum creatinine to a value > 2.5 mg/dL or 50% reduction in creatinine clearance
HRS type 2	Moderate renal failure with creatinine ranging from 1.5 to 2.5 mg/dL that occurs progressively
Definition of HRS-AKI	Patients with the criteria above and ICA-AKI 2015 definition for AKI
Definition of HRS-CKD	Patients who meet the criteria in row 1 and the rise of serum creatinine and changes in urine output are all progressive (> 1 wk)
	Patients with HRS-CKD are known to have decreased urine output over weeks to months

ICA: International Club of Ascites; AKI: Acute kidney injury; HRS: Hepatorenal syndrome; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; NSAID: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.