Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on inflammatory bowel disease patients: A review of the current evidence

Figure 1 Pathogenetic pathway of intestinal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection with proposed inflammatory bowel disease effects. The blue lines represent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)/IBD approach-mediated reduction in either coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) acquisition or poor outcomes of it, whereas the red lines represent IBD/IBD approach-mediated increase in risk for COVID-19 acquisition or poor outcomes. IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; ADAM17: A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; ACE2: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; TMPRSS2: Transmembrane protease serine 2; SARS-CoV-2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; IL: Interleukin; G-CSF: Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor; IFN-γ: Interferon-γ.