Laparoscopic lateral lymph node dissection in two fascial spaces for locally advanced lower rectal cancer

Figure 9 Fascial spaces related to rectal cancer surgery are showed in photograph of operation, photograph of cadaver dissection and diagram. A: Photograph of operation; B: Photograph of cadaver dissection; C: Photograph of diagram. The pararectal space (blue dotted line) can be divided into Okabayashi's space and Latzko's space. Fascia propria of the rectum, urogenital fascia, vesicohypogastric fascia and parietal fascia form Okabayashi's, Latzko's space and paravesical space (yellow dotted line). The last two spaces are the surgical area for lateral lymph node dissection.