Potential risk factors for constipation in the community

Table 7 Physical activity and constipation

Ref.	Location	Sample size	Age range (yr)	Definition of constipation	Physical activity status	Prevalence (%)	Odds ratio (95%CI)	P value
Garrigues et al[60], 2004	Spain	349	18-65	Self-report (12 mo)	Never; Sometimes; Habitually	23.2; 10.9; 7.4	1.00; 0.43 (0.20, 0.89); 0.31 (0.11, 0.87)	0.02; 0.03
Rey et al[55], 2014	Spain	1500	> 18	Rome III	Regular sport; Long walks; Short walks; No regular walk	14; 16; 24; 30	1.00; 0.97 (0.66, 1.43); 1.52 (1.06, 2.19); 2.04 (1.23, 3.39)	< 0.01
Wald et al[61], 2008	United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Brazil and South Korea	14000	> 15	Self-report (12 mo)	Active; Reduced activity	NR	1.00; 1.23 (1.07, 1.40)	< 0.05
Moezi et al[52], 2018	Iran	9264	40-75	Rome IV	Low; Medium; High	10.91; 7.81; 5.61	1.00; 0.74 (0.62, 0.89); 0.56 (0.46, 0.68)	< 0.001

¹Calculated from data published. NR: Not reported.