Deep learning for diagnosis of precancerous lesions in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: A review

Figure 3 Data augmentation for a typical magnifying narrow band image for training a convolutional neural network model. This is performed by using a variety of image transformations and their combinations. A: Original image; B: Flip horizontal and random rotation; C: Flip vertical and magnification; D: Random rotation and shift; E: Flip horizontal, minification and shift; F: Flip vertical, rotation and shift.