Burden of venous thromboembolism in patients with pancreatic cancer

Table 1 Studies assessing the predictive values of risk assessment models in pancreatic cancer patients

Ref.	Study design	Country	Patients analyzed/included	VTE screening at study entry	RAMs	Number of patients in each group	Study or median observation period	Patients with VTE during the overall follow-up, n (%)	Rates of VTE
Pelzer et al[45], 2013	Retrospective analysis of theCONKO-004 RCT	Germany	144/312, APC included in the CONKO-004 trial (control arm)	No	Khorana score	Intermediate risk: 55/144 (38.2%); High risk: 89/144 (61.8%)	12 mo	21/144 (14.6%)	At 6 mo: Intermediate risk: 4/55 (7.2%); High risk: 17/89 (19.1%)
Muñoz Martín et al[25], 2014	Retrospective	Spain	73/84, ambulatory PC patientsreceiving chemotherapy	No	Khorana score	Intermediate risk: 36/84 (43%); High risk: 48/84 (57%)	2008-2011	30/84 (35.7%)	At 6 mo: Intermediate risk: 4/37 (10.8%); High risk: 10/36 (27.8%)
van Es et al[29], 2017	Retrospective	Netherlands	147/178, ambulatory PC patientsstarting chemotherapy	No	Khorana score	Intermediate risk: 101/147 (69%); High risk: 46/147 (31%)	2003-2014	20/147(13.6%)	At 6 mo: Intermediate risk: 9/101 (8.9%); High risk: 4/46 (8.7%)
Kruger et al[28], 2017	Retrospective	Germany	111/172, APC patients undergoing palliative chemotherapy	No	Khorana score	Intermediate risk: 69/111 (38%); High risk: 42/111 (62%)	2002-2012	16/111 (14.4%)	At 6 mo: Intermediate risk: 6/69 (8.6%)High risk: 5/42 (11.9%); During the overall observation period; Intermediate risk: 8/69 (11.6%); High risk: 8/42 (19.0%); P = 0.4
Berger et al[30], 2017	Retrospective	Germany	150, PC patients receiving chemotherapy	No	Khorana score	Intermediate risk: 87/150 (58%); High risk: 63/150 (42%)	2010-2014	37/150 (24.7%)	Unspecified; During the overall observation period: no difference between groups (P = 0.44)
Godinho et al[39], 2020	Retrospective	Portugal	165 newly diagnosed PC patients	No	Khorana score; Onkotev score	Khorana score: Intermediate risk: 106/165 (64%); High risk: 59/165 (36%). Onkotev score: Score 0: 30/165 (18.2%); Score 1: 63/165 (38.2%); Score 2: 55/165 (33.3%); Score ≥ 3: 17/165 (10.3%)	6.3 mo	51/165 (31%)	During the overall observation period: Khorana score: Intermediate risk: 28/106 (26.4%); High risk: 23/59 (38.9%). Onkotev score: Score 0: 1/30 (< 10%); Score 1: 8/63 (< 10%); Score 2: 28/55 (41.8%); Score ≥ 3: 14/17 (70.6%)
Kim et al[32], 2018	Retrospective	Korea	216 metastatic PC patients receiving palliative chemotherapy	No	Khorana score	Intermediate risk: 135/216 (62.5%); High risk: 81/21 (37.5%)	2005-2015	50/216 (23.1%)	During the overall observation period: Intermediate risk: 30/135 (22.2%); High risk: 20/81 (24.7%); P = 0.677
Frere et al[34], 2020	Prospective	France	675 newly diagnosed PC patients	Yes, patients excluded if VTE at diagnosis	Khorana score	Intermediate risk: 492/675 (73%); High risk: 183/675 (27%)	2014-2019; 19.3 mo	141/675 (20.8%)	During the total follow-up: Intermediate risk: 108/492 (22%); High risk: 33/183 (18%); P = 0.26
Vadhan-Raj et al[41], 2020	Retrospective subgroup analysis of the CASSINI RCT	International	138 PC patients undergoing chemotherapy included in the CASSINI trial (control arm)	Yes, patients excluded if VTE at diagnosis	Khorana score	Intermediate risk: 100/138 (72.5%); High risk: 38/138 (27.5%)	6 mo	18/138 (13.0%)	At 6 mo: Intermediate risk: 14/100 (14.0%); High risk: 4/38 (10.5%)

APC: Advanced Pancreatic cancer; PC: Pancreatic cancer; RAM: Risk assessment model; VTE: Venous thromboembolism.