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©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Gastroenterol. May 21, 2021; 27(19): 2299-2311
Published online May 21, 2021. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i19.2299
Published online May 21, 2021. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i19.2299
Ref. | Sex | Age, yr | Symptoms | Abdominal radiological findings | Treatment | Outcomes |
Huber et al[25] 1996 | F | 22 | Hemorrhagic shock with clinical symptoms of acute abdomen | CT scan: multiple tumors of the liver (the largest in segment III measured 8 cm) and both kidneys and a splenic lesion with a diameter of 4 cm | Surgical resection of segments II and III | Postoperative course was uneventful. Discharge from hospital 12 d later |
Guidi et al[26] 1997 | M | 74 | Sudden onset of upper-quadrant pain | CT scan: liver tumor of 10 cm × 8 cm in the segments I and V and another small mass of 4 cm × 3 cm in segment IV. Fluid was present in the upper abdominal compartments | Surgical resection of the hemorrhagic hepatic mass | Postoperative course was uneventful. Discharge from hospital 8 d later |
Tsui et al[27] 1999 | F | 41 | Acute rupture of a subcapsular tumor | 9 cm | Surgical resection | Patient in healthy condition 4 yr after surgery |
Zhou et al[28] 2008 | ND | ND | Hemorrhagic shock | Ultrasonography showed a 5-cm "cavernous hemangioma" in the right hepatic lobe | Emergency laparotomy for hemostasis | No tumor recurrence or metastasis was found during follow-up of 2-3 yr |
Ding et al[8] 2011 | F | 56 | ND | A rupture of the tumor measuring 6 cm × 6 cm in segment VI was confirmed by emergent laparotomy | Liver suture followed by segmentectomy | No serious morbidity in the postoperative course |
Occhionorelli et al[29] 2013 | F | 25 | Sudden onset of abdominal upper-quadrant pain and hypotension, after two recent syncopal episodes | CT scan showed a hepatic tumor in the left lobe (8.6 cm × 7.2 cm) with suspected peritoneal blood leakage | Hemorrhage initially managed by manual compression, followed by deep and pro-coagulant tissue adhesives. After 48 hours, the patient underwent left-liver lobectomy | Postoperative course was uneventful. Discharge from hospital 9 d later |
Aoki et al[30] 2014 | F | 70 | Sudden onset of back pain on the right side | CT scan: hepatic tumor in segment VII measuring 7 cm in diameter accompanied by subcapsular hematoma with extravasation | Transcatheter arterial embolization. Right hepatic lobectomy was carried out 39 d later | Five days after surgery, she had thrombi in the left popliteal vein and the left pulmonary artery. Insertion of an IVC filter which was removed due to sepsis. She was discharged 24 d after surgery. There was no recurrence 42 mo following surgery |
Tajima et al[31] 2014 | M | 38 | Upper abdominal pain | CT scan showed a tumor measuring 10.5 cm × 9.5 cm × 7 cm in the posterior segment of the right hepatic lobe that had ruptured into the space between the liver and the diaphragm | Transcatheter arterial embolization was performed. The patient developed fever and the hematoma surrounding the liver was drained. No infection was confirmed but right lobectomy was performed | ND |
Kai et al[32] 2015 | F | 77 | Sudden abdominal pain and transient loss of consciousness | CT scan: hemoperitoneum with subcapsular hematoma at the left lobe and a hepatic nodule measuring 2.3 cm in diameter in segment II | Conservative initial treatment with periodic imaging studies. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization was performed because a diagnosis of HCC was suggested. Surgical resection (laparoscopic left lateral segmentectomy) was performed 4 mo later | Postoperative course was uneventful. Discharge from hospital 7 d later No signs of recurrence at 3.5 yr after surgery |
Kim et al[33] 2017 | M | 31 | Sudden onset severe abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant area | CT scan: Mass of approximately 12 cm in the right hepatic lobe with hemorrhage along the perihepatic space | Emergent angiography with embolization.Hepatic resection was performed 15 d later | Postoperative course was uneventful |
- Citation: Calame P, Tyrode G, Weil Verhoeven D, Félix S, Klompenhouwer AJ, Di Martino V, Delabrousse E, Thévenot T. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with hepatic angiomyolipoma: A literature review. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27(19): 2299-2311
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v27/i19/2299.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v27.i19.2299