Partially hydrolyzed guar gum attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice through the gut-liver axis

Figure 2 Effects of partially hydrolyzed guar gum on hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease model. A: Tumor necrosis factor-α; B: Monocyte chemotactic protein-1; C: Collagen 1a1; D: α smooth muscle actin mRNA expression in the liver. mRNA expression was evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Data represent the mean ± SD of seven mice. ^aP < 0.05 significant differences compared to the control group; ^bP < 0.05 significant differences between the 2 selected groups. NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; PHGG: Partially hydrolyzed guar gum; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; MCP-1: Monocyte chemotactic protein-1; αSMA: α smooth muscle actin.