Partially hydrolyzed guar gum attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice through the gut-liver axis

Table 4 Partially hydrolyzed guar gum-mediated profiles of short-chain fatty acids in cecal contents

Short chain fatty acids (mmol/g)	Control	Control + PHGG	NAFLD	NAFLD + PHGG
Succinic acid	0.82 ± 0.34	0.85 ± 0.36	5.08 ± 2.27a	5.28 ± 2.20a
Lactic acid	0.05 ± 0.08	0.09 ± 0.13	0.40 ± 0.46a	0.45 ± 0.39a
Formic acid	0.89 ± 0.09	1.90 ± 0.06a	0.72 ± 0.16a	0.83 ± 0.28b
Acetic acid	41.2 ± 6.0	47.9 ± 8.8a	32.8 ± 5.3a	33.1 ± 7.9a
Propionic acid	8.18 ± 1.14	9.16 ± 1.04a	9.76 ± 2.56a	9.82 ± 3.39a
Isobutyric acid	1.19 ± 0.11	1.04 ± 0.11	1.44 ± 0.20a	1.06 ± 0.28b
Butyric acid	8.86 ± 2.42	13.81 ± 5.14a	3.91 ± 0.58a	3.34 ± 1.09a
Isovaleric acid	0.33 ± 0.14	0.12 ± 0.11a	1.05 ± 0.40a	0.38 ± 0.40b
Valeric acid	0.49 ± 0.18	0.48 ± 0.14	0.50 ± 0.22	0.18 ± 0.17a,b

Data are presented as the mean ± SD.

^aP < 0.05 significant differences compared to the control group.

^bP < 0.05 significant differences between the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) group and the NAFLD + Partially hydrolyzed guar gum group. PHGG: Partially hydrolyzed guar gum; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.