Partially hydrolyzed guar gum attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice through the gut-liver axis

Table 3 Characteristics of the experimental groups

Characteristics	Control	Control + PHGG	NAFLD	NAFLD + PHGG
Body weight (g)	25.7 ± 0.5	25.2 ± 1.1	20.6 ± 0.8a	20.8 ± 1.6a
Liver weight (g)	1.17 ± 0.05	1.03 ± 0.08	1.47 ± 0.11a	1.55 ± 0.13a
Liver weight (% body)	4.45 ± 0.13	4.13 ± 0.32	7.13 ± 0.40a	7.44 ± 0.61a
Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L)	72.0 ± 7.1	73.1 ± 11.9	133.1 ± 69.1a	83.5 ± 24.1a,b
Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L)	23.4 ± 2.9	20.0 ± 3.4	112.9 ± 77.0a	46.3 ± 15.9a,b
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	97.7 ± 6.6	83.7 ± 10.8	359.7 ± 95.0a	306.7 ± 26.5a
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	88.9 ± 25.4	71.1 ± 25.1	16.6 ± 4.0a	36.2 ± 25.7a,b
Free fatty acids (mEQ/L)	1668 ± 257	1334 ± 254a	1254 ± 201a	1119 ± 310a
Glucose (mg/dL)	70 ± 53	73 ± 16	73 ± 19	95 ± 32

Data are presented as the mean ± SD.

^aP < 0.05 significant differences compared to the control group.

^bP < 0.05 significant differences between the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) group and the NAFLD + Partially hydrolyzed guar gum group. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease group was induced by high fat diet with increased intestinal permeability. NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; PHGG: Partially hydrolyzed guar gum.