Immune disorders and rheumatologic manifestations of viral hepatitis

Table 5 A summary of the main immunological and rheumatologic manifestation in viral hepatitis

	Hepatitis A	Hepatitis B	Hepatitis C	Hepatitis E
Rheumatoid factor	Only 2 cases	Approximately 12% of patients	15% of patients	1 case in a patient without transplant
Antinuclear antibodies	In a case of lupus-like reaction and some cases of AIH triggered by HAV infection	Approximately 25% of patients	20%-30% of patients	9%-37% (acute) and 24% (chronic) of patients
Cryoglobulins	95% of patients in 1 study	2% of patients	65% of patients	7% (acute) and 27% (chronic) of patients
Arthralgia	10%-20% of patients	3% of patients	42% of patients	Approximately 60% of patients
Arthritis	Only in patients with vasculitis (7 cases)	About a quarter of patients with pain in joints	5%-10% of patients	2 cases
GN	4 cases of mesangio-proliferative GN	3% of GN: membranous GN (40%); membrano-proliferative GN (20%); focal segmental glomerulo-sclerosis (20%); mesangio-proliferative GN (10%), others (10%)	Approximately 50% of GN: membranous GN (5%); membrano-proliferative GN (55%); focal segmental glomerulo-sclerosis (25%); mesangio-proliferative GN (20%), others (5%)	1 case of membrano-proliferative GN; some cases of GN after transplantation
Henoch-Schonlein purpura	7 cases	Some cases	Some cases	1 case
CGV	4 cases	10% of non-HCV CGV cases	90%-95% of CGV cases	Some cases
PAN	No cases	35% of PAN cases	20% of PAN cases	No cases
Uveitis	Some cases	2% of patients	Some cases	No cases
AIH	11 cases	55% of AIH cases	Very rare	No cases
PBC	1 case of overlap syndrome	40% of PBC cases	Approximately 10% of PBC cases	No cases

AIH: Autoimmune hepatitis; CGV: Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis; GN: Glomerulonephritis; HCV: Hepatitis C viruses; PAN: Polyarteritis nodosa; PBC: Primary biliary cholangitis.