S100 calcium binding protein A6 and associated long noncoding ribonucleic acids as biomarkers in the diagnosis and staging of primary biliary cholangitis

Table 4 Demographics and clinical characteristics of primary biliary cholangitis patients and healthy controls¹

Characteristics	PBC (n = 145)	HCs (n = 110)	P value
Age, mean ± SD, yr	56.1 ± 13.4	55.3 ± 11.8	0.58
Gender, n (%)
Male	17 (12.5)	13 (16.7)
Female	128 (87.5)	97 (83.3)	1.00
ALT, U/L	78.6 ± 35.7	18.4 ± 6.5	< 0.001
AST, U/L	104.8 ± 43.5	20.2 ± 4.3	< 0.001
ALP, U/L	257.4 ± 79.9	64.7 ± 14.5	< 0.001
γGT, U/L	416.7 ± 209.2	26.3 ± 10.4	< 0.001
TBIL, μmol/L	66.8 ± 10.6	11.8 ± 4.0	< 0.001
DBIL, μmol/L	51.9 ± 11.4	6.4 ± 0.5	< 0.001
TBA, μmol/L	71.3 ± 11.6	2.8 ± 0.4	< 0.001
HA, ng/mL	146.9 (104.6-190.1)	67.0 (53.9-79.7)	< 0.001
LN, ng/mL	148.9 (76.7-182.8)	70.4 (58.7-82.9)	< 0.001
C-IV, ng/mL	154.8 (121.1-192.0)	60.1 (55.2-66.7)	< 0.001
PC-III, ng/mL	161.0 (135.1-184.5)	57.3 (49.9-63.5)	< 0.001
Pathological stage
Ι and II	62 (42.8)	-
III and IV	83 (57.2)	-

¹Normally distributed data are expressed as means ± SD, variables with a skewed distribution are presented as median (interquartile range). Categorical variable values are described as n (%). γGT: Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; C-IV: Collagen type IV; DBIL: Direct bilirubin; HA: Hyaluronic acid; LN, Laminin; PC-III: Procollagen III; TBA: Total bile acid; TBIL: Total bilirubin; SD: Standard deviation; PBC: Primary biliary cholangitis; HCs: Healthy controls.