Non-alcoholic fatty liver and chronic kidney disease: Retrospect, introspect, and prospect

Table 3 Summary of studies assessing non-invasive scoring systems for advanced fibrosis to assess risk for chronic kidney disease in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Ref.	Year	n	Scoring system(s) assessed	Results
Ciardullo et al[82]	2020	2770	APRI, FIB-4, FLI, NFS	NAFLD-related fibrosis as measured with FIB-4 associated with CKD (P < 0.01)
Hsieh et al[6]	2020	11376	NFS	Higher NFS associated with impaired eGFR (P < 0.0001)
Choi et al[81]	2019	11836	APRI, BARD, FIB-4, FLI	FIB-4 (P = 0.0258) most precise in predicting kidney dysfunction
Önnerhag et al[79]	2019	144	APRI, BARD, NFS, FIB-4	High-risk NFS (P < 0.001), FIB-4 (P < 0.001), APRI (P = 0.008) predict CKD
Wijarnpreecha et al[80]	2018	4142	APRI, BARD, NFS, FIB-4	High/intermediate probability of liver fibrosis on NFS (AUC = 0.75) and FIB-4 (AUC = 0.77) independently predict CKD
Huh et al[23]	2017	6238	FLI	NAFLD cut-off for NAFLD is an independent RF for CKD (P < 0.0001)

NFS: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score; FIB-4: Fibrosis-4 index; APRI: Aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index; FLI: Fatty liver index; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; AUC: Area under the curve; RF: Risk factor; BARP: Biologically-oriented Alveolar Ridge Preservation; NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.