Pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Beyond first line, where are we?

Table 2 Main ongoing targeted therapy studies (clinicaltrial.gov) for advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Treatment	Target	Phase of study	Setting
Ribociclib plus trametinib; NCT02703571	CDK4/6	Phase I/II trial, open label single arm	Advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer and KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer
Palbociclib + the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, gedatolisib; NCT03065062	CDK4/6	Phase I, open label single arm	Advanced squamous cell lung, pancreatic, head and neck and other solid tumours
Abemaciclib in combination with the TGF-β inhibitor galunisertib or other agents; NCT02981342	CDK4/6	Phase II, open label, randomized	Previously treated metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
BKM120 + mFOLFOX6; NCT01571024	PI3K	Phase I, open label, single arm	Advanced solid tumours including metastatic pancreatic cancer
Metformin + Gemcitabine + Erlotinib; NCT01210911	PI3K	Phase II, randomized, placebo controlled	Locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer
Capecitabine + Cetuximab + Everolimus; NCT01077986	mTOR	Phase I/II, open label, single arm	Metastatic pancreatic cancer
Temsirolimus; NCT00075647	mTOR	Phase II, open label, single arm	Locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer
MK2206 + Fluorouracil + Oxaliplatin + Selumetinib; NCT01658943	Akt	Phase II, open label, randomized	Metastatic pancreatic cancer
RX-0201 + Gemcitabine; NCT01028495	Akt	Phase II, open label, single arm	Metastatic pancreatic cancer
Gemcitabine ± nimotuzumab; NCT02395016	EGFR	Phase III, prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind	Locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer
MRTX849 (inhibitor of KRAS G12C) + TNO155 (inhibitor of SHP2); NCT04330664	KRASG12C	Phase I/II, open label, non-randomized	Advanced or metastatic cancer with a KRASG12C mutation
AMG 510 Monotherapy; NCT03600883	KRASG12C	Phase I/II, open label, non-randomized	KRAS p.G12C mutant advanced solid tumours
Gemcitabine + M7824 (TGF-β ligand trap); NCT03451773	TGF-β	Phase I/II, open label, single arm	Locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer
FFX vs CPI-613 + mFFX; NCT03504423	CPI-613	Pase III, open-label randomized	Mtastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas

TGF-β: Transforming growth factor β.