Cyanidin 3-glucoside modulated cell cycle progression in liver precancerous lesion, in vivo study

Table 1 Expression rate of hepatocytes positive for glutathione S-transferase placental and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were calculated as number of positive field expression in 10 fields per rat liver tissue

	Naive	PCL	Cyan-10	Cyan-15	Cyan-20
GSTP +ve foci % area	0.09 ± 0.07	47.2 ± 12.4a	33.4 ± 11.4b	8.95 ± 4.29b,c	3.83 ± 2.45b,c
PCNA		+++	++	+	+

Values are mean ± SD; number of animals = 6 rats/each group. Examined field; 10 fields/liver section.

^aP < 0.05 significant differences compared to naïve group.

^bP < 0.05 significant differences compared to precancerous lesion group.

^cP < 0.05 significant compared to cyanidin-3-O-glucoside-10, One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. +: Positive expression found in 1-3 fields; ++: Positive expression found in 4-6 fields; +++: Positive expression found in 7-10 field; PCL: Precancerous lesion; Cyan: Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside; GSTP: Glutathione S-transferase placental; PCNA: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen.