Non-responsive celiac disease in children on a gluten free diet

Table 1 Characteristics of responders to the gluten-free diet and children with non-responsive celiac disease based on persistent symptoms after 6 mo on a gluten-free diet

Characteristic	Responders (n = 525)	NRCD (n = 91)	P value
Female sex, n (%)	339 (65)	70 (77)	0.02
Age at biopsy (yr), median (IQR)	9.4 (5.9, 13.4)	9.6 (5.7, 13.4)	0.73
Caucasian race1 (%)	410/438 (92)	75/85 (91)	1.00
Hispanic2 (%)	6/438 (1)	4/84 (5)	0.06
Medical history
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	39 (7)	3 (3)	0.18
Thyroid condition, n (%)	20 (4)	1 (1)	0.34
Down syndrome, n (%)	12 (2)	0 (0)	0.23
Family history of celiac disease, n (%)	144 (27)	22 (24)	0.53
Family history of other autoimmune disease3 , n (%)	239 (46)	43 (47)	0.73
BMI at diagnosis4, median (IQR)	17.0 (15.6, 20.0)	16.4 (15.1, 19.3)	0.03
BMI z-score at diagnosis5, median (IQR)	0.18 (-0.48, 0.82)	0.00 (-1.12, 0.58)	0.02
≥ 1 nutrition visit within first 120 d of GFD, n (%)	342 (65)	75 (82)	0.001
Time between diagnosis and first nutrition visit (wk), median (IQR)	4.0 (2.1, 7.0)	3.4 (2.2, 5.6)	0.36

Data unknown:

¹n = 86.

²n = 84.

⁴n = 33.

⁵n = 39.

³Lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, auto-immune thyroid diseases. P value from Fisher’s exact test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test. IQR: Interquartile range; GFD: Gluten-free diet; NRCD: Non-responsive celiac disease.