Long-term follow-up of cumulative incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B virus patients without antiviral therapy

Table 3 Cox regression analysis of risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B who were calibrated with REACH-B

Variable	Rate ratio (95%CI)
	Single factor	Multiple factors
Sex
Female	1.0 (referent)	1.0 (referent)
Male	2.859 (1.835-6.112)a	3.076 (1.975-8.437)a
Age (yr)
≤ 40	1.0 (referent)
> 40	2.677 (1.089-6.579)a
HBeAg
-	1.0 (referent)
+	0.614 (0.288-1.310)
DNA level, IU/L (log)
≤ 3 (1 × 103 IU/L)	1.0 (referent)
3-6.30 (2 × 106 IU/L)	1.130 (0.543-1.602)
> 6.30	2.604 (0.749-3.854)
ALT level, U/L
≤ 50	1.0 (referent)
50-200	1.140 (0.728-6.676)
200-400	3.310 (0.173-11.112)
> 400	4.036 (1.678-7.234)a
AST level, U/L
≤ 40	1.0 (referent)
40-200	0.592 (0.184-1.904)
200-400	1.565 (0.124-2.581)
> 400	8.059 (0.689-11.968)
TB level, U/L
≤ 23	1.0 (referent)
23-46	0.525 (0.211-1.308)
46-115	1.349 (0.078-1.572)
> 115	1.605 (0.125-2.936)
Treatment
Anti-inflammatory	1.0 (referent)
Antiviral	0.701 (0.207-1.313)
Antiviral after anti-inflammatory treatment	0.874 (0.283-1.467)
Diabetes
No	1.0 (referent)
Yes	2.469 (1.079-5.649)a
Hypertension
No	1.0 (referent)
Yes	1.932 (0.650-5.748)
Family history of liver cancer
No	1.0 (referent)	1.0 (referent)
Yes	30.924 (12.709-75.561)a	23.463 (9.372-47.564)a

^aP < 0.05 vs the observation group. HBeAg: Hepatitis B e antigen; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; TB: Total bilirubin.