Ursodeoxycholic acid as a means of preventing atherosclerosis, steatosis and liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Table 3 Changes in laboratory and imaging variables from baseline during the trial

Parameter	Baseline	6 mo	P value
ТС (total sample), mmol/L	6.03 ± 1.36	5.76 ± 1.21	< 0.001
Men	5.99 ± 1.39	5.77 ± 1.24	0.003
Women	6.11 ± 1.32	5.73 ± 1.16	0.019
LDL (total sample), mmol/L	3.86 ± 1.01	3.66 ± 0.91	< 0.001
Men	3.81 ± 1.04	3.67 ± 0.90	0.033
Women	4.0 ± 0.94	3.65 ± 0.93	0.006
HDL (total sample), mmol/L	1.24 ± 0.32	1.24 ± 0.27	0.910
Men	1.24 ± 0.33	1.21 ± 0.22	0.160
Women	1.23 ± 0.29	1.31 ± 0.34	0.036
TG (total sample), mmol/L	3.18 (2.00; 4.29)	2.04 (1.40; 3.16)	< 0.001
Men	3.13 (2.10; 4.29)	2.04 (1.4; 2.79)	< 0.001
Women	3.45 (1.80; 4.36)	2.26 (1.35; 3.62)	< 0.001
FLI (total sample)	84.9 ± 10.4	72.3 ± 17.6	< 0.001
Men	86.3 ± 9.0	73.6 ± 17.2	< 0.001
Women	81.9 ± 12.7	69.4 ± 18.4	< 0.001
FLI (total sample) ≥ 60/30-59/< 30	174 (100)/-/-	133 (76.4)/40 (23.0)/1 (0.6)	< 0.001
Men	121 (100)/-/-	96 (79)/24 (20)/1 (1)	< 0.001
Women	53 (100)/-/-	37 (70)/16 (30)/-	< 0.001
NFS (total sample) < -1.455 (F0-F2), n (%)	141 (81.0)	148 (85.0)	0.353
Men	102 (84.3)	112 (92.6)	0.071
Women	39 (76.6)	34 (64.2)	0.402
FIB 4 (total sample) < 1.45 (F0-F1), n (%)	157 (90.2)	163 (93.7)	0.256
Men	111 (91.7)	114 (94.2)	0.615
Women	46 (86.8)	49 (92.5)	0.402
CIMT (total sample), mm	0.985 ± 0.243	0.968 ± 0.237	0.013
Men	0.993 ± 0.224	0.977 ± 0.217	0.073
Women	0.967 ± 0.284	0.947 ± 0.276	0.052
CIMT (total sample) exceeding ULN for the corresponding age and sex	143 (84)	139 (82)	0.549
Men	103 (85.1)	101 (83.5)	0.860
Women	40 (75.5)	38 (72)	0.826
ASCVD (total sample, n = 112) 10-year risk	5.1 (2.9; 9.1)	4.8 (2.6; 8.0)	0.053
Men (n = 71)	6.0 (3.6; 11.1)	5.8 (3.4; 8.8)	0.720
Women (n = 41)	3.5 (2.3; 7.8)	3.2 (2.0; 6.0)	0.003
ASCVD (total sample, n = 152) lifetime risk	50 (39; 60)	50 (39; 64)	0.370
Men (n = 112)	50 (46; 69)	50 (46; 69)	0.870
Women (n = 40)	39 (39; 50)	39 (39; 50)	0.160

Data are presented as median (IQR) or n (%). ТС: Total cholesterol; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; TG: Triglyceride; FLI: Fatty liver index; NFS: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score; FIB-4: Liver fibrosis index; ULN: Upper limit of normal; ASCVD: Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease.