Radiotherapy as an immune checkpoint blockade combination strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Four key steps of a radiation-induced immune response

Major steps	Ref.
Induction of antigen release and immunogenic cell death	[20-22]
Induction of antigen-presenting cell maturation and antigen presentation	[23,24]
Induction of T-cell recruitment and infiltration	[21,29-32]
Induction of tumor cell sensitization to immune-mediated cell death	[27,28,33]