Predictors of pain response after endoscopic ultrasound-guided celiac plexus neurolysis for abdominal pain caused by pancreatic malignancy

Table 4 Univariable analysis of variables associated with pain response after 4 wk in the enrolled cohort of 58 patients

Independent variables	OR	95%CI	P value
Age in yr	1.091	0.63-3.94	0.209
Gender, female/male	1.124	0.47-3.99	0.532
Symptom
Abdominal pain concomitant with	1.384	0.43–4.82	0.618
jaundice	1.496	0.32-5.92	0.701
Tumor largest dimension	1.921	0.79–9.34	0.408
Ascites
Tumor location	3.59	0.40-10.06	0.184
Pancreatic head/neck	0.42	0.15-12.77	0.082
Pancreatic body/tail	2.93	0.42-8.17	0.101
Initial VAS score	2.91	0.24-19.40	0.149
Tramadol use before EUS-CPN	4.02	1.62-13.27	0.003
Invisible ganglia	8.84	2.11-23.32	0.001
Invasion of celiac plexus	7.83	1.81–15.77	0.009
Distant metastasis	4.90	1.32–17.91	0.394
Injected alcohol dose
Procedure method	2.87	0.44–17.41	0.502
Unilateral	0.54	0.16–1.99	0.093
Bilateral	0.94	0.42–3.12	0.858
Intra-procedural decrease in heart rate

CI: Confidence interval; EUS-CPN: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided celiac plexus neurolysis; OR: Odds ratio; VAS: Visual analogue scale.