Predictors of pain response after endoscopic ultrasound-guided celiac plexus neurolysis for abdominal pain caused by pancreatic malignancy

Table 2 Univariable analysis of variables associated with pain response after 1 wk in the enrolled cohort of 58 patients

Independent variables	OR	95%CI	P value
Age in yr	1.084	0.60-3.88	0.212
Gender, female/male	1.39	0.43-3.79	0.64
Symptom
Abdominal pain concomitant with jaundice	1.29	0.53–3.26	0.581
Tumor largest dimension	1.32	0.45-4.69	0.665
Ascites	1.772	0.59–6.84	0.437
Tumor location
Pancreatic head/neck	2.071	0.60-7.09	0.232
Pancreatic body/tail	0.617	0.65-10.40	0.094
Initial VAS score	2.231	0.76-5.41	0.132
Tramadol use before EUS-CPN	1.339	0.54-15.39	0.327
Invisible ganglia	3.574	1.80-14.24	0.003
Invasion of celiac plexus	7.922	2.24-25.93	0.001
Distant metastasis	5.94	1.31–11.82	0.015
Injected alcohol dose	3.825	1.12–13.42	0.437
Procedure method
Unilateral	1.677	0.84–11.48	0.591
Bilateral	0.489	0.11–1.12	0.087
Intra-procedural decrease in heart rate	1.011	0.91–2.08	0.933

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; EUS-CPN: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided celiac plexus neurolysis; VAS: Visual analogue scale.