Human hepatitis viruses-associated cutaneous and systemic vasculitis

Table 2 Clinical and medication profiles in five polyarteritis nodosa patients naïve to human hepatitis virus infection¹

No	Age/sex	Initial symptom	Diagnosisperiod2	BVAS/FFS3	HHV status4	Follow-up manifestation	Therapy	Outcome
1	23/F	Arthralgia, rash5	2 mo	6/0	Negative	Joint, PN, skin	Az, Cs	Survival, remission
2	29/F	Arthralgia, fever, rash5	1 yr	11/0	Negative	FN, GI, joint, PN, skin	Az, Cs	Survival, remission
3	38/F	Fever, rash5	1 yr 5 mo	14/0	Negative	Joint, PN, skin	Az, Cs, Cy	Survival, remission
4	39/M	Rash	3 yr 10 mo	18/1	Negative	Kidney, skin	Az, Cs, RTX	Survival, chronic renal insufficiency
5	42/M	Arthralgia, rash	6 mo	7/0	Negative	Joint, PN, skin, kidney, testis	ADA, Az, Cs, Cy	Survival, remission

¹Enrollment from 2012 to 2019.

²Time period from initial symptoms to the established diagnosis.

³Calculation at the disease diagnosis.

⁴Human hepatitis virus status, including examinations for hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and hepatitis delta virus.

⁵Erythematous nodosum-like skin lesions. ADA: Adalimumab; Az: Azathioprine; BVAS: Birmingham vasculitis activity score; Cs: Corticosteroids, Cy: Cyclophosphamide; F: Female; FFS: Four-factor score, including age above 65 years, cardiac symptoms, gastrointestinal involvement, and renal insufficiency; FN: Foot necrosis; GI: Gastrointestinal; HHV: Human hepatitis virus; M: Male; PAN: Polyarteritis nodosa; PN: Peripheral neuropathy; RTX: Rituximab.