Effect of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum Dad-13 powder consumption on the gut microbiota and intestinal health of overweight adults

Table 5 Fecal characteristic (volume, type, color, odor, pH) and defecation frequency

	Group	Baseline period	Ingestion period	P value
Volume	Probiotic-treated	2.20 ± 0.79	2.23 ± 0.96	0.861
	Placebo	2.37 ± 0.95	2.29 ± 0.90	0.232
Type	Probiotic-treated	3.59 ± 0.93	3.22 ± 1.17	0.081
	Placebo	4.02 ± 1.14	3.89 ± 0.93	0.342
Color	Probiotic-treated	1.86 ± 0.57	1.73 ± 0.55	0.201
	Placebo	2.00 ± 0.59	1.95 ± 0.54	0.701
Odor	Probiotic-treated	1.11 ± 0.37	1.10 ± 0.28	0.932
	Placebo	1.26 ± 0.35	1.32 ± 0.41	0.572
pH	Probiotic-treated	5.72 ± 0.31	5.76 ± 0.28	0.513
	Placebo	5.58 ± 0.40	5.75 ± 0.34	0.073
Defecation frequency4	Probiotic-treated	12.93 ± 3.61	13.40 ± 4.52	0.582
	Placebo	14.67 ± 4.93	15.70 ± 7.57	0.512

¹Independent sample t-test.

²Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

³Paired t-test.

⁴Every 10 d.