Bacterial infection triggers and complicates acute-on-chronic liver failure in patients with hepatitis B virus-decompensated cirrhosis: A retrospective cohort study

Table 3 Univariate competing risk analysis of risk factors for in-hospital survival

Parameters	Without ACLF at admission		ACLF at admission
	sHR (95%CI)	P value	sHR (95%CI)	P value
Age (yr)	1.01 (0.99-1.03)	0.22	1.02 (1.00-1.03)	0.03
Male sex (%)	1.37 (0.74-2.54)	0.32	0.97 (0.59-1.60)	0.91
Ascites (%)	2.88 (1.05-7.93)	0.04	1.11 (0.57-2.17)	0.76
V Gastrointestinal variceal bleeding (%)	0.65 (0.37-1.14)	0.13	0.64 (0.22-1.81)	0.40
Hepatic encephalopathy (%)	0.96 (0.36-2.57)	0.93	1.90 (1.28-2.83)	< 0.01
Jaundice (%)	5.10 (3.10-8.39)	< 0.001	2.45 (1.20-5.03)	< 0.001
Bacterial infection (%)	4.94 (3.08-7.94)	< 0.001	2.34 (1.52-3.59)	< 0.001
Pneumonia (%)	4.79 (2.86-8.03)	< 0.001	2.06 (1.39-3.05)	< 0.001
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (%)	4.05 (2.19-7.48)	< 0.001	1.49 (0.88-2.53)	0.13
Urinary tract infection (%)	0.94 (0.23-3.81)	0.93	1.34 (0.67-2.68)	0.41
HBeAg positive HBV (%)	0.92 (0.56-1.54)	0.76	1.08 (0.78-1.63)	0.70
Log10 HBV DNA (copies/mL)	1.04 (0.90-1.21)	0.57	1.10 (0.96-1.25)	0.18
White cell count (× 109 cells/L)	1.11 (1.07-1.16)	< 0.001	1.04 (1.01-1.06)	0.02
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	1.05 (1.03-1.06)	< 0.001	1.02 (1.01-1.03)	< 0.01
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)	1.87 (0.59-5.93)	0.29	1.05 (0.96-1.15)	0.25
International normalized ratio	1.97 (1.56-2.49)	< 0.001	1.09 (0.93-1.29)	0.31
Serum albumin (g/dL)	0.41 (0.27-0.64)	< 0.001	0.63 (0.45-0.88)	< 0.01
Serum sodium (mmol/L)	0.91 (0.88-0.93)	< 0.001	0.98 (0.95-1.01)	0.14

sHR: Subdistribution hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; ACLF: Acute-on-chronic liver failure; HBV: Hepatitis B virus.