Bacterial infection triggers and complicates acute-on-chronic liver failure in patients with hepatitis B virus-decompensated cirrhosis: A retrospective cohort study

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, and severity scores of patients on admission

Characteristic	All patients (n = 1281)	Without BI (n = 921)	With BI (n = 360)	P value
Median age (IQR) -yr	51 (42-57)	52 (43-57)	50 (42-57)	0.16
Male sex (%)	1012 (79)	726 (78.8)	286 (79.4)	0.88
Concomitant etiology of cirrhosis (%)
Alcohol	142 (11.1)	102 (11.1)	40 (11.1)	1.00
Others	48 (3.7)	36 (3.9)	12 (3.3)	0.74
HBeAg positive HBV (%)1	421/1122 (37.5)	298/794 (37.5)	123/328 (37.5)	1.00
Experience of anti-HBV treatment (%)1	284/1176 (24.2)	183/851 (21.5)	101/325 (31.1)	< 0.001
Decompensations (%)2
Ascites	1099 (85.8)	773 (83.9)	326 (90.6)	< 0.01
Jaundice	534 (41.7)	297 (32.2)	237 (65.8)	< 0.001
Gastrointestinal variceal bleeding	336 (26.2)	280 (30.4)	56 (15.6)	< 0.001
Hepatic encephalopathy	190 (14.8)	82 (8.9)	108 (30)	< 0.001
ACLF at admission (%)	284 (22.2)	130 (14.1)	154 (42.8)	< 0.001
Median value for laboratory tests (IQR)
Log10 HBV DNA (copies/mL)3	4.7 (3.1-6.1)	4.8 (3-6.2)	4.6 (3.1-5.7)	0.33
Hemoglobin (g/L)	103 (83-121)	102 (82-119)	107 (87-127)	< 0.001
White cell count: × 109 cells/L	4.7 (2.9-7.5)	4.2 (2.7-6.1)	6.9 (4.3-10.9)	< 0.001
Platelet count: × 109 cells/L	63 (40-102)	60 (40-96)	70 (42-117.5)	< 0.01
International normalized ratio	1.6 (1.3-2)	1.4 (1.3-1.9)	1.8 (1.5-2.6)	< 0.001
Serum sodium (mmol/L)	136 (131.2-139)	136 (132.3-139.3)	134 (129-137)	< 0.001
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)	0.8 (0.7-1)	0.8 (0.7-1)	0.8 (0.6-1.1)	0.20
Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L)	67 (42-124)	60 (40-107)	97 (56.5-192)	< 0.001
Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L)	47 (30-97)	42 (29-80)	67 (37-185.8)	< 0.001
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	3.4 (1.5-15.5)	2.6 (1.4-8)	10.9 (3-27.4)	< 0.001
Serum albumin (g/dL)	2.8 (2.5-3.2)	2.9 (2.5-3.3)	2.8 (2.4-3.1)	< 0.001
Median value for severity scores (IQR)
Child-Pugh	11 (9-12)	10 (8-12)	12 (10-13)	< 0.001
MELD	16.8 (11.8-25.5)	14.8 (11.1-22.3)	24.4 (17.1-30.2)	< 0.001

¹Number/number of patients with available data.

²Some patients had more than one decompensating event.

³Analysis was performed in 1031 patients with available data. IQR: Interquartile range; ACLF: Acute-on-chronic liver failure; MELD: Model for end stage liver disease; HBV: Hepatitis B virus.