Pretreatment with intestinal trefoil factor alleviates stress-induced gastric mucosal damage via Akt signaling

Figure 2 Intestinal trefoil factor promoted the proliferation and migration and inhibited necrosis of GES-1 cells. A: Intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) promoted proliferation of GES-1 cells, and LY294002 decreased the cell viability; B: Fluorescent images of treated cells following fluorescein diacetate (FDA)/propidium iodide (PI) staining. Viable cells were stained with FDA (green), and necrotic cells were stained with propidium iodide (red), the scale bar = 200 μm; C: Transwell migration; and D: Wound healing assay analyzed the migration of GES-1 cells treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), ITF, or LY294002. The images are representative of three independent experiments; ^aP < 0.05 vs control cells; ^bP < 0.05 vs LPS-treated cells.