Evaluation of an educational telephone intervention strategy to improve non-screening colonoscopy attendance: A randomized controlled trial

Table 2 Bivariable analysis of risk factors for non-attendance

	ITT			PP
	A	NA	P value	A	NA	P value
Demographic risk factors
Group, n (%)			< 0.001			< 0.001
Intervention	676 (51.4)	62 (36.7)		586 (47.8)	27 (20.1)
Control	639 (48.6)	107 (63.3)		639 (52.2)	107 (79.9)
Age (yr), mean (SD)	60.2 (15.7)	54.2 (18.0)	< 0.001	60.62 (15.6)	53.45 (18.2)	< 0.001
Sex, n (%)			0.640			0.527
Female	683 (51.9)	91 (53.8)		626 (51.1)	75 (56)
Male	632 (48.1)	78 (46.2)		599 (48.9)	59 (44)
Nationality, n (%)			< 0.001			< 0.001
Spanish	1169 (88.9)	119 (70.4)		1092 (89.1)	96 (71.6)
Foreign	146 (11.1)	50 (29.6)		133 (10.9)	38 (28.4)
Studies, n (%)			< 0.001			< 0.001
Non-advanced	1033 (78.6)	154 (91.1)		947 (77.3)	121 (90.3)
Advanced	282 (21.4)	15 (8.9)		278 (22.7)	13 (9.7)
Language barrier, n (%)			0.318			0.276
No	1212 (92.2)	152 (89.9)		1130 (92.2)	120 (89.6)
Yes	103 (7.8)	17(10.1)		95 (7.8)	14 (10.4)
Clinical risk factors
BMI, mean (SD)	26.73 (4.6)	27.76 (4.9)	0.007	26.75 (4.5)	27.84 (4.9)	0.010
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)			0.758			0.528
No	1094 (83.2)	139 (82.2)		1014 (82.8)	108 (80.6)
Yes	221 (16.8)	30 (17.8)		211 (17.2)	26 (19.4)
Abdominal/pelvic surgery, n (%)			0.046			0.465
No	790 (60.1)	115 (60.8)		728 (59.4)	84 (62.7)
Yes	525 (39.9)	54 (32.0)		497 (40.6)	50 (37.3)
Constipation, n (%)			0.148			0.214
No	1034 (78.6)	141 (83.4)		958 (78.2)	11 (82.8)
Yes	429 (32.6)	77 (45.6)		276 (21.8)	23 (17.2)
Anxiety-depression syndrome, n (%)			0.001			0.002
No	886 (67.4)	92 (54.4)		832 (67.9)	73 (54.5)
Yes	429 (32.6)	77 (45.6)		393 (32.1)	61 (45.5)
Disabled condition, n (%)			< 0.001			0.002
No	1269 (96.5)	153 (90.5)		1182 (96.5)	122 (91.0)
Yes	46 (3.5)	16 (9.5)		43 (3.5)	12 (9.0)
Charlson index, mean (SD)	0.57 (0.9)	0.54 (0.9)	0.771	0.57 (0.9)	0.50 (0.8)	0.403
ASA classification, n (%)			0.813			0.834
I/II	1151 (87.5)	149 (88.2)		1071 (87.4)	118 (88.1)
III/IV	164 (12.5)	20 (11.8)		154 (12.6)	16 (11.9)
High comorbidity burden, n (%)			0.840			0.769
No	1248 (94.9)	161 (95.3)		1163 (94.9)	128 (95.5)
Yes	67 (5.1)	8 (4.7)		62 (5.1)	6 (4.5)
Endoscopic risk factors
Previous endoscopy, n (%)			< 0.001			< 0.001
No	697 (53)	129 (76.3)		646 (52.7)	98 (73.1)
Yes	618 (47)	40 (23.7)		579 (47.3)	36 (26.9)
Previous non-attendance, n (%)			< 0.001			< 0.001
No	1192 (90.6)	129 (76.3)		1111 (90.7)	101 (75.4)
Yes	123 (9.4)	40 (23.7)		114 (9.3)	33 (24.6)
Referring physician, n (%)			0.125			0.293
Primary care	1178 (89.6)	159 (94.1)		1101 (89.9)	125 (93.3)
Gastroenterologist	122 (9.3)	10 (5.9)		109 (8.9)	9 (6.7)
Other specialities	15 (1.1)	0 (0.0)		15 (1.2)	0 (0)
Indication, n (%)			< 0.001			< 0.001
Surveillance	338 (29.5)	20 (11.8)		357 (29.1)	15 (11.2)
Diagnostic	793 (60.3)	135 (79.9)		744 (60.7)	107 (79.9)
Family history of CRC	134 (10.2)	14 (8.3)		124 (10.1)	12 (9)
Waiting time (d), mean (SD)	59.3 (57.4)	66.2 (68.6)	0.149	58.3 (55.0)	66.1 (72.4)	0.134
Endoscopy timetable, n (%)			0.030			0.029
Morning	469 (35.7)	46 (27.2)		436 (35.6)	35 (26.1)
Afternoon	846 (64.3)	123 (72.8)		789 (64.4)	99 (73.9)
Previous cleansing problems, n (%)			0.318			0.180
No	1246 (94.8)	157 (92.9)		1159 (94.6)	123 (91.8)
Yes	69 (5.2)	12 (7.1)		66 (5.4)	11 (8.2)

ITT: Intention-to-treat analysis; PP: Per protocol analysis; A: Attendance; NA: Non-attendance; BMI: Body mass index; ASA classification: American Society of Anaesthesiologists classification; CRC: Colorectal cancer.