Prevalence and risk factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: A cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis

Table 7 Results from multivariable logistic regression model (backwards elimination) to identify risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in ulcerative colitis patients

Confounder model
Variable	Estimate	95%CI	P value
Female sex	0.62	0.50-0.65	0.159
Age at ultrasound (in years)	0.99	0.98-1.03	0.637
BMI at ultrasound (in years)	1.28	0.71-1.85	< 0.001c
Diabetes mellitus	2.14	0.95-4.79	0.441
Hypertension	2.89	2.51-4.10	0.037a
Dyslipidemia	1.46	0.98-2.84	0.695
Current smoking	1.77	1.26-2.40	0.525
Steroid use	0.88	0.20-1.54	0.652
Parameters included in model with age and BMI
Elevated SCCAI	1.58	1.42-1.74	0.145
Inflammation in colonoscopy	3.60	2.69-4.50	0.005b
Inflammation in bowel ultrasound	2.31	2.16-2.47	0.162
Elevated CRP concentration	0.99	0.83-1.14	0.959
Elevated white blood cell count	1.01	0.85-1.17	0.782
Elevated fecal calprotectin concentration	1.06	0.90-1.22	0.923
History of bowel resection(s)	1.66	1.50-1.82	0.332
Biologic treatment	0.69	0.53-0.85	0.167
Adalimumab treatment	0.74	0.58-0.90	0.426
Infliximab treatment	0.77	0.62-0.93	0.484
Vedolizumab treatment	1.14	0.98-1.30	0.739
Ustekinumab treatment	0.19	0.03-0.35	0.407
Golimumab treatment	1.14	0.98-1.30	0.892
Azathioprine therapy	1.19	1.03-1.35	0.597
Methotrexate treatment	1.50	1.34-1.66	0.734
6-Mercaptopurine treatment	0.94	0.79-1.10	0.947
Sulfasalazine treatment	1.43	1.27-1.58	0.491
Mesalazine treatment	0.88	-0.25-2.00	0.635

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

^cP < 0.001. BMI: Body mass index; CRP: C-reactive protein; SCCAI: Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index; CI: Confidence interval.