Prevalence and risk factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: A cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis

Table 5 Comparison of baseline characteristics between the subgroups of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease versus those without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in ulcerative colitis

Variable	NAFLD (n = 68)	No NAFLD (n = 85)	P value
Male, n (%)	40 (59)	37 (44)	0.086
Age at abdominal ultrasound (yr), median (IQR)	48.5 (18.5)	37.0 (21.0)	0.005b
BMI (kg/m²), median (IQR)	28.0 (5.7)	22.8 (5.3)	< 0.001c
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	6 (9)	1 (1)	0.057
Dyslipidemia, n (%)	2 (3)	2 (2)	1.000
Hypertension, n (%)	22 (32)	6 (7)	< 0.001c
Current smoking, n (%)	4 (6)	1 (1)	0.242
Smoking in the past, n (%)	20 (30)	11 (13)	0.021a
Smoking in general, n (%)	24 (35)	12 (14)	0.004b
SCCAI (IQR), n = 124	2.0 (4.0)	1.0 (3.0)	0.253
SCCAI > 4, n (%), n = 124	14 (24)	9 (14)	0.156
Inflammation in colonoscopy, n (%), n = 45	15 (60)	9 (45)	0.123
Inflammation in bowel ultrasound, n (%), n = 28	10 (91)	15 (88)	0.812
CRP, mg/l (IQR), n = 146	2.9 (8.0)	1.0 (5.1)	0.114
White blood cells, /nl (IQR), n = 147	7.5 (2.9)	7.0 (3.2)	0.300
Fecal calprotectin, µg/g (IQR), n = 87	103 (390)	147 (359)	0.612
γGT, U/l (IQR)	23.0 (40.0)	18.0 (25.0)	0.007b
Elevated transaminases, n (%), n = 147	8 (13)	7 (8)	0.387
Disease duration at abdominal ultrasound (yr), median (IQR)	9.0 (12.5)	10.0 (30.5)	0.408
History of bowel resection(s), n (%)	6 (9)	12 (14)	0.449
Biological treatment at the time of ultrasound, n (%)	33 (49)	52 (61)	0.161
Treatment with adalimumab at the time of ultrasound, n (%)	8 (12)	13 (15)	0.694
Treatment with infliximab at the time of ultrasound, n (%)	7 (10)	20 (24)	0.055
Treatment with vedolizumab at the time of ultrasound, n (%)	19 (28)	19 (22)	0.544
Treatment with azathioprine at the time of ultrasound, n (%)	13 (19)	14 (16)	0.831
Treatment with budesonide at the time of ultrasound, n (%)	3 (4)	3 (4)	1.000
Treatment with systemic steroids < 7.5 mg at the time of ultrasound, n (%)	7 (10)	5 (6)	0.480
Treatment with systemic steroids > 7.5 mg at the time of ultrasound, n (%)	10 (15)	12 (14)	1.000
Treatment with systemic steroids at the time of ultrasound, n (%)	13 (19)	16 (19)	1.000
Treatment with mesalazine at the time of ultrasound, n (%)	42 (62)	42 (49)	0.173
Treatment with sulfasalazine at the time of ultrasound, n (%)	2 (3)	5 (6)	0.634

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

^cP < 0.001. BMI: Body mass index; CRP: C-reactive protein; γGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; IQR: Interquartile range; NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; SCCAI: Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index.