Prevalence and risk factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: A cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis

Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics between the subgroups of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease versus those without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Crohn’s disease

Variable	NAFLD (n = 145)	No NAFLD (n = 157)	P value
Male, n (%)	75 (52)	74 (47)	0.495
Age at abdominal ultra sound (yr), median (IQR)	49.0 (20.0)	35.0 (19.0)	< 0.001c
BMI (kg/m²), median (IQR)	28.0 (7.6)	23.0 (4.4)	< 0.001c
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	7 (5)	1 (1)	0.057
Dyslipidemia, n (%)	12 (8)	3 (2)	0.0131
Hypertension, n (%)	50 (34)	20 (13)	< 0.001c
Current smoking, n (%)	35 (24)	29 (18)	0.288
Smoking in the past, n (%)	28 (19)	31 (20)	1.000
Smoking in general, n (%)	63 (44)	60 (38)	0.420
HBI (IQR), n = 217	3.0 (5.0)	1.0 (3.0)	< 0.001c
HBI > 4, n (%), n = 217	46 (40)	15 (15)	< 0.001c
Inflammation in colonoscopy, n (%), n = 83	27 (61)	20 (51)	0.330
Inflammation in bowel ultrasound, n (%), n = 101	54 (82)	47 (85)	0.772
CRP, mg/L (IQR), n = 293	2.5 (7.0)	3.0 (7.6)	0.846
White blood cells, /nl (IQR), n = 293	7.8 (3.0)	7.8 (2.8)	0.737
Fecal calprotectin, µg/g (IQR), n = 172	111 (230)	112 (249)	0.638
γGT, U/l (IQR)	24.0 (25.0)	16 .0(16.5)	< 0.001c
Elevated transaminases, n (%), n = 260	18 (16)	9 (6)	0.069
Disease duration at abdominal ultrasound (yr), median (IQR)	16.0 (21.0)	11.0 (12.0)	0.002b
History of bowel resection(s), n (%)	72 (50)	54 (45)	0.010a
Biological treatment at the time of ultrasound, n (%)	104 (72)	103 (66)	0.308
Treatment with adalimumab at the time of ultrasound, n (%)	53 (37)	57 (36)	0.767
Treatment with infliximab at the time of ultrasound, n (%)	29 (20)	21 (13)	0.164
Treatment with vedolizumab at the time of ultrasound, n (%)	11 (8)	10 (6)	0.850
Treatment with ustekinumab at the time of ultrasound, n (%)	14 (10)	18 (11)	0.746
Treatment with azathioprine at the time of ultrasound, n (%)	19 (13)	18 (11)	0.796
Treatment with budesonide at the time of ultrasound, n (%)	7 (5)	12 (8)	0.576
Treatment with systemic steroids < 7.5 mg at the time of ultrasound, n (%)	6 (4)	8 (5)	0.903
Treatment with systemic steroids > 7.5 mg at the time of ultrasound, n (%)	10 (7)	15 (10)	0.530
Treatment with systemic steroids at the time of ultrasound, n (%)	14 (10)	21 (13)	0.407
Treatment with mesalazine at the time of ultrasound, n (%)	25 (17)	19 (12)	0.271
Treatment with sulfasalazine at the time of ultrasound, n (%)	13 (9)	3 (2)	0.013a

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

^cP < 0.001. BMI: Body mass index; CRP: C-reactive protein; γGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; HBI: Harvey bradshaw index; IQR: Interquartile range; NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.