Associations between serum uric acid and hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancer: A cohort study

Table 4 Effect of uric acid on hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancer stratified by gender

Gender	Cancer	Group	Cases	Incidence1	HR (95%CI)
					Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Male	Liver	Quartile 1	44	13.12	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
		Quartile 2	39	11.71	0.89 (0.58-1.37)	0.92 (0.60-1.42)	0.87 (0.57-1.34)
		Quartile 3	29	8.67	0.65 (0.41-1.05)	0.68 (0.42-1.08)	0.61 (0.38-0.98)
		Quartile 4	53	15.78	1.16 (0.78-1.73)	1.17 (0.78-1.75)	0.96 (0.63-1.46)
		Estimated HR (per 1 mg/dL)			1.07 (0.95-1.21)	1.07 (0.95-1.21)	1.01 (0.89-1.15)
	Gallbladder	Quartile 1	2	0.60	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
		Quartile 2	5	1.50	2.48 (0.48-12.80)	2.54 (0.93-6.94)	2.45 (0.90-6.70)
		Quartile 3	6	1.79	2.91 (0.59-14.41)	2.93 (1.14-7.56)	2.71 (1.05-6.98)
		Quartile 4	8	2.38	3.67 (0.78-17.30)	3.56 (1.47-8.58)	3.09 (1.28-7.46)
		Estimated HR (per 1 mg/dL)			1.20 (0.86-1.67)	1.17 (0.85-1.60)	1.11 (0.81-1.53)
	Biliary tract	Quartile 1	13	3.88	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
		Quartile 2	10	3.00	0.77 (0.34-1.76)	0.80 (0.35-1.84)	0.81 (0.35-1.88)
		Quartile 3	9	2.69	0.69 (0.30-1.62)	0.74 (0.32-1.75)	0.69 (0.29-1.67)
		Quartile 4	11	3.27	0.82 (0.37-1.83)	0.89 (0.39-2.00)	0.75 (0.32-1.75)
		Estimated HR (per 1 mg/dL)			0.82 (0.64-1.07)	0.85 (0.65-1.10)	0.80 (0.61-1.04)
	Pancreas	Quartile 1	68	20.28	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
		Quartile 2	62	18.61	0.91 (0.65-1.29)	0.93 (0.66-1.32)	0.93 (0.66-1.32)
		Quartile 3	80	23.92	1.18 (0.85-1.62)	1.20 (0.87-1.66)	1.15 (0.83-1.60)
		Quartile 4	76	22.62	1.06 (0.77-1.48)	1.08 (0.77-1.50)	1.04 (0.74-1.47)
		Estimated HR (per 1 mg/dL)			1.02 (0.93-1.12)	1.02 (0.93-1.12)	1.01 (0.91-1.12)
Female	Liver	Quartile 1	20	5.06	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
		Quartile 2	21	5.35	0.87 (0.47-1.64)	0.87 (0.47-1.64)	0.86 (0.46-1.62)
		Quartile 3	23	5.86	1.06 (0.59-1.91)	1.05 (0.58-1.90)	1.02 (0.56-1.87)
		Quartile 4	32	8.21	1.22 (0.69-2.15)	1.16 (0.65-2.05)	1.09 (0.59-2.02)
		Estimated HR (per 1 mg/dL)			1.10 (0.93-1.31)	1.08 (0.91-1.28)	1.06 (0.88-1.28)
	Gallbladder	Quartile 1	6	1.52	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
		Quartile 2	10	2.55	1.47 (0.53-4.06)	1.49 (0.72-3.10)	1.47 (0.71-3.06)
		Quartile 3	10	2.55	1.31 (0.47-3.61)	1.30 (0.63-2.72)	1.27 (0.61-2.65)
		Quartile 4	9	2.31	1.02 (0.36-2.88)	0.99 (0.46-2.10)	0.94 (0.44-2.00)
		Estimated HR (per 1 mg/dL)			1.20 (0.86-1.67)	1.17 (0.85-1.60)	1.01 (0.75-1.35)
	Biliary tract	Quartile 1	4	1.01	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
		Quartile 2	8	2.04	1.77 (0.53-5.88)	1.78 (0.80-3.97)	1.66 (0.74-3.71)
		Quartile 3	6	1.53	1.19 (0.33-4.22)	1.17 (0.48-2.85)	0.98 (0.40-2.39)
		Quartile 4	13	3.34	2.24 (0.72-6.94)	2.33 (1.14-4.76)	1.65 (0.81-3.36)
		Estimated HR (per 1 mg/dL)			0.82 (0.64-1.07)	0.85 (0.65-1.1)	1.09 (0.81-1.48)
	Pancreas	Quartile 1	35	8.86	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
		Quartile 2	36	9.17	0.93 (0.58-1.48)	0.93 (0.58-1.47)	0.91 (0.57-1.44)
		Quartile 3	64	16.29	1.51 (1.00-2.28)	1.50 (0.99-2.27)	1.43 (0.94-2.18)
		Quartile 4	108	27.71	2.27 (1.54-3.34)	2.25 (1.53-3.31)	2.04 (1.35-3.08)
		Estimated HR (per 1 mg/dL)			1.02 (0.93-1.12)	1.02 (0.93-1.12)	1.33 (1.21-1.47)

Model 1 adjusted for age, education, ethnic group and family history of cancer. Model 2 adjusted for age, education, ethnic group, family history of cancer, alcohol intake, smoking status, annual household income, fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity. Model 3 additionally adjusted for body mass index based on model 2.

¹Per 100000 person years. HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval.