Artificial intelligence based real-time microcirculation analysis system for laparoscopic colorectal surgery

Table 1 Characteristics of patients, n (%)

Clinical factors	Training	Test	P value
	(n = 50)	(n = 15)
Age (yr)	62.74 ± 7.21	63.8 ± 11.93	0.296
Sex			0.503
Male	32 (64.0)	11 (73.3)
Female	18 (36.0)	4 (26.7)
Smoking			0.615
Non-smoker	46 (92.0)	13 (86.7)
Smoker	4 (8.0)	2 (13.3)
BMI (kg/m2)	23.68 ± 3.00	25.74 ± 3.18	0.036
Hypertension			0.682
Yes	27 (54.0)	9 (60.0)
No	23 (46.0)	6 (40.0)
Diabetes mellitus			0.721
Yes	40 (80.0)	11 (73.3)
No	10 (20.0)	4 (26.7)
Diagnosis			0.385
Rectal cancer	23 (46.0)	5 (33.3)
Sigmoid colon cancer	27 (54.0)	10 (66.7)
Surgery			0.548
Low anterior resection	29 (58.0)	10 (66.7)
Anterior resection	21 (42.0)	5 (33.3)
Initial diverting ileostomy			0.761
Yes	34 (68.0)	11 (73.3)
No	16 (32.0)	4 (26.7)
T stage			0.829
0	1 (2.0)	0 (0.0)
1	17 (34.0)	3 (20.0)
2	8 (16.0)	3 (20.0)
3	21 (42.0)	8 (53.3)
4	3 (6.0)	1 (6.7)
Colon obstruction			1.000
Yes	12 (24.0)	4 (26.7)
No	38 (76.0)	11 (73.3)
Albumin level (g/dL)	4.26 ± 0.31	4.23 ± 0.30	0.494
ASA score			0.304
1	20 (40.0)	9 (60.0)
2	28 (56.0)	5 (33.3)
3	2 (4.0)	1 (6.7)
Anastomosis level (cm)	7.43 ± 4.53	7.67 ± 3.88	0.678
IMA ligation			0.512
High ligation	38 (76.0)	10 (66.7)
Or else	12 (24.0)	5 (33.3)
Transection line change			0.130
Yes	3 (6.0)	3 (4.6)
No	47 (94.0)	12 (80.0)
Anastomotic complications			0.566
Yes	4 (8.0)	0 (0.0)
No	46 (92.0)	15 (100.0)

BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American society of anesthesia; IMA: Inferior mesenteric artery.