Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and gastrointestinal morbidity in a large cohort of young adults

Table 2 Results of logistic regression of the association of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with gastrointestinal pathology and impact of gastrointestinal morbidity on use of healthcare resources

		Univariate model			Multivariate model
	Methylphenidate	OR	95%CI	P value	RR	95%CI	P value
Celiac	+	0.66	0.25-1.77	0.539
	-	1.08	0.81-1.45	0.592
IBD	+	0.65	0.32-1.30	0.252
	-	1.01	0.82-1.25	0.919
IBS	+	1.63	1.35-1.98	C0.001	1.02	0.81-1.30	0.842
	-	1.67	1.54-1.80	< 0.001	1.29	1.18-1.41	< 0.001
Constipation	+	2.12	1.66-2.69	< 0.001	1.6	1.21-2.13	0.001
	-	1.56	1.40-1.74	< 0.001	1.43	1.26-1.62	< 0.001
Dyspepsia	+	2.03	1.77-2.32	< 0.001	1.75	1.49-2.06	< 0.001
	-	1.4	1.31-1.49	< 0.001	1.2	1.11-1.29	< 0.001
Total complaints	+	1.82	1.55-2.12	< 0.001	1.85	1.56-2.18	< 0.001
	-	1.26	1.17-1.35	< 0.001	1.26	1.17-1.36	< 0.001
Gastroenterologist referrals	+	2.34	2.14-2.57	< 0.001	2.29	2.07-2.53	< 0.001
	-	1.98	1.90-2.06	< 0.001	1.99	1.90-2.07	< 0.001
Visits in a primary care clinic	+	1.53	1.50-1.57	< 0.001	1.56	1.52-1.59	< 0.001
	-	1.23	1.22-1.24	< 0.001	1.23	1.22-1.24	< 0.001

CI: Confidence interval; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; IBS: Irritable bowel syndrome; OR: Odds ratio; RR: Rate ratio.