Real-world cost-effectiveness associated with infliximab maintenance therapy for moderate to severe Crohn’s disease in China

Table 5 Summary of the multivariable regression analyses for direct medical costs in the included moderate to severe Crohn’s disease patients

Outcome type	Outpatient medical costs					Hospital costs related to active disease					Total medical costs
Regression analysis method	Generalized linear regression analysis					Generalized linear regression analysis					Generalized linear regression analysis
Independent variables	Sample size	Coefficient	95%CI		P value	Sample size	Coefficient	95%CI		P value	Sample size	Coefficient	95%CI		P value
			Lower	Upper				Lower	Upper				Lower	Upper
IMT vs CMT	237	-1.248	-1.651	-0.850	< 0.001	293	-0.117	-0.387	0.150	0.384	342	-0.378	-0.659	-0.101	0.008b
BMI
< 18.5						293	0.753	0.240	1.225	0.003b	342	0.513	0.013	0.972	0.035a
18.5-23.9						293	0.214	-0.276	0.657	0.367	342	-0.002	-0.486	0.435	0.992
Lifestyles
Smoker	237	0.563	-0.529	1.824	0.263
Heavy drinker						293	-1.519	-2.805	0.515	0.057	342	-1.714	-2.835	0.009	0.013a
Residence area
Urban city	237	0.741	0.365	1.127	< 0.001
Insurance plan
Urban residents	237	-0.562	-1.038	-0.030	0.028a
Other plans						293	0.395	-0.071	0.915	0.111	342	0.248	-0.235	0.784	0.325
Disease site at diagnosis
Terminal ileum											342	0.183	-0.204	0.564	0.343
Colon	237	-0.116	-0.728	0.569	0.707
Ileocolon	237	-0.279	-0.662	0.102	0.158	293	-0.252	-0.513	0.010	0.060	342	-0.163	-0.517	0.178	0.347
Ileocolon + upper digestive tract											342	0.600	-0.073	1.397	0.106
CD-related complications
Intestinal obstruction	237	1.270	0.680	1.901	< 0.001
Gastric fistula											342	-2.351	-4.061	1.308	0.049a
Intestinal abscess						293	-1.183	-2.224	0.372	0.064	342	-1.180	-2.174	0.261	0.050
Bowel perforation											342	0.570	-0.048	1.314	0.094
Perianal abscess	237	-0.058	-0.495	0.409	0.795
Intestinal-cutaneous fistula						293	-2.539	-4.153	0.711	0.022a
Extraintestinal manifestations
Psoriasis											342	NA	NA	NA	NS
Mouth ulcers	237	-0.089	-0.933	1.004	0.852	293	-0.781	-1.253	-0.241	0.002a	342	-0.680	-1.166	-0.121	0.010a
History of CD-related surgery	237	0.019	-0.407	0.466	0.929
Comorbidities
Intestinal ulcer	237	-4.250	-6.471	0.449	0.004b
Shingles						293	-2.464	-4.080	0.786	0.026a
Joint pain											342	-3.952	-5.675	-0.291	0.001a
Esophageal disease											342	-2.696	-4.467	0.976	0.026a
Diabetes											342	-2.147	-3.910	1.523	0.076
Asthma											342	-3.391	-5.092	0.265	0.005

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01. BMI: Body mass index; CD: Crohn’s disease; CI: Confidence interval; CMT: Conventional maintenance therapy; IMT: Infliximab maintenance therapy; NA: Not available; NS: Not significant.