New strain of Pediococcus pentosaceus alleviates ethanol-induced liver injury by modulating the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acid metabolism

Figure 1 The hepatic histopathological examination and liver inflammation and steatosis parameters. A: Representative histological images of the liver stained with HE. Scale bar: 50 μm; B: Representative images of oil red O-stained liver sections. Scale bar: 50 μm; C: Immunohistochemical staining for myeloperoxidase. Scale bar: 50 μm; D: Quantification of triglyceride and myeloperoxidase-positive cells in the liver and alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase levels. All data are presented as means ± SE. ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001 vs the Control group. ^dP < 0.05, ^eP < 0.01 vs the EtOH group. P. pentosaceus: Pediococcus pentosaceus; HE: Hematoxylin and eosin; MPO: Myeloperoxidase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate transaminase; TG: Triglyceride.