Insufficient etiological workup of COVID-19-associated acute pancreatitis: A systematic review

Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

Ref.	Study design	Study population	AP, n (%)	Description
Aloysius et al[29], United States	Case report	One AP patient with COVID-19	1 (100)	36-year-old obese female presenting with AP. No sign of biliary pathology, denies alcoholism, TG unremarkable
Anand et al[44], United Kingdom	Case report	One AP patient with COVID-19	1 (100)	A 59-year-old cholecystectomized woman with minimal alcohol consumption, readmitted with abdominal symptoms five days after discharge with doxycycline for co-infection. CT showed signs of AP on a formerly atrophic pancreas
Gou et al[21], China	Case report	Four “pancreatic disease” patients with COVID-19 pneumonia	1 (25)	One female with AP (51), biliary etiology confirmed, showed initial COVID-19 symptoms 18 d after admission
Hadi et al[45], Denmark	Case report	Three family members with COVID-19	2 (67)	Idiopathic AP in mother (68) and daughter (47), both requiring intensive care and ventilation
Hossain et al[23], United States	Retrospective cohort	119 COVID-19 patients presenting at ER with non-respiratory symptoms	3/32 (9.4)	Out of the 101 instances where abdominal/pelvic CT was obtained, 32 had acute/significant findings, including three cases of pancreatitis. No more information available on these patients
Li et al[22], China	Retrospective cohort	25 death cases with COVID-19	1 (4)	A 56-year-old male patient had AP as an “underlying disease”–it is not clear whether this is from his medical history or was present concomitantly
Meireles et al[46], Portugal	Case report	One AP patient with COVID-19	1 (100)	36-year-old female, AP symptoms started on day 11 of disease, US and CT showed no signs of biliary pathology/ischemia. No information on alcohol consumption. Negatively screened for multiple viruses
Morrison et al[20], United States	Case report	Two cases of acute hypertriglyceridemia in COVID-19 patients	1 (50)	Acute hypertriglyceridemia-induced AP after treatment with tocilizumab, ritonavir, lopinavir, ribavirin, hydroxychloroquine, and propofol

AP n (%) is the number (percentage) of patients with acute pancreatitis. COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; AP: Acute pancreatitis; US: Ultrasonography; CT: Computed tomography.