Short- and long-term outcomes associated with enhanced recovery after surgery protocol vs conventional management in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy

Table 2 Patient demographics and baseline characteristics

	Entire cohort			Propensity score matched cohort
	Conventional group (n = 433)	ERAS group (n = 394)	P value	Conventional group (n = 365)	ERAS group (n = 365)	P value
Age, yr (mean ± SD)	59.4 ± 10.2	59.6 ± 10.3	0.105	59.4 ± 10.3	59.5 ± 10.3	0.881
Gender			0.534			0.810
Male, n (%)	298 (68.8)	279 (70.8)		253 (69.3)	256 (70.1)
Female, n (%)	135 (31.2)	115 (29.2)		112 (30.7)	109 (29.9)
BMI, kg/m2 (mean ± SD)	23.7 ± 3.0	24.0 ± 3.1	0.287	23.8 ± 3.2	24.0 ± 3.1	0.379
ASA score			0.594			0.833
I, n (%)	226 (52.2)	210 (53.3)		190 (52.1)	196 (53.7)
II, n (%)	179 (41.3)	165 (41.9)		153 (41.9)	152 (41.6)
III, n (%)	28 (6.5)	19 (4.9)		22 (6.0)	17 (4.7)
NRS 2002			0.784			0.767
< 3	197 (45.5)	183 (46.4)		165 (45.2)	169 (46.3)
≥ 3	236 (54.5)	211 (53.6)		200 (54.8)	196 (53.7)
Comorbidity
Diabetes, n (%)	52 (12.0)	36 (9.1)	0.181	35 (9.6)	32 (8.8)	0.700
Cardiovascular, n (%)	80 (18.5)	52 (13.2)	0.038	49 (13.4)	40 (11.0)	0.309
Hypertension, n (%)	115 (26.6)	110 (27.9)	0.660	98 (26.8)	105 (28.8)	0.563
Pulmonary, n (%)	45 (10.4)	38 (9.6)	0.720	33 (9.0)	32 (8.8)	0.896
Hepatic, n (%)	17 (3.9)	20 (5.1)	0.424	17 (4.7)	19 (5.2)	0.528
Renal, n (%)	3 (0.7)	4 (1.0)	0.614	3 (0.8)	4 (1.1)	0.614
Tumor location			0.892			0.962
Upper, n (%)	59 (13.6)	56 (14.2)		55 (15.1)	54 (14.8)
Middle, n (%)	88 (20.3)	84 (21.3)		75 (20.5)	78 (21.4)
Lower, n (%)	286 (66.1)	254 (64.5)		235 (64.4)	233 (63.8)
Histologic type			0.651			0.829
Well, n (%)	42 (9.7)	31 (7.9)		31 (8.5)	31 (8.5)
Moderate, n (%)	101 (23.3)	94 (23.9)		93 (25.5)	86 (23.6)
Poor, n (%)	290 (67.0)	269 (68.3)		241 (66.0)	248 (67.9)
Pathological T stage			0.254			0.350
T1, n (%)	56 (12.9)	42 (10.7)		48 (13.2)	38 (10.4)
T2, n (%)	89 (20.6)	91 (23.1)		72 (19.7)	82 (22.5)
T3, n (%)	99 (22.9)	107 (27.2)		85 (23.3)	98 (26.8)
T4, n (%)	189 (43.6)	154 (39.1)		160 (43.8)	147 (40.3)
Pathological N stage			0.091			0.417
N0, n (%)	95 (21.9)	97 (24.6)		86 (23.6)	91 (24.9)
N1, n (%)	89 (20.6)	104 (26.4)		79 (21.6)	95 (26.0)
N2, n (%)	92 (21.2)	70 (17.8)		74 (20.3)	64 (17.5)
N3, n (%)	157 (36.3)	123 (31.2)		126 (34.5)	115 (31.5)
pTNM stage			0.502			0.819
IA, n (%)	45 (10.4)	48 (12.2)		40 (11.0)	46 (12.6)
IB, n (%)	69 (15.9)	70 (17.8)		62 (17.0)	64 (17.5)
IIA, n (%)	66 (15.2)	64 (16.2)		56 (15.3)	62 (17.0)
IIB, n (%)	72 (16.6)	63 (16.0)		60 (16.4)	58 (15.9)
IIIA, n (%)	47 (10.9)	52 (13.2)		42 (11.5)	48 (13.2)
IIIB, n (%)	66 (15.2)	51 (12.9)		54 (14.8)	46 (12.6)
IIIC, n (%)	68 (15.7)	46 (11.7)		51 (14.0)	41 (11.2)
Operation date			0.049			0.573
2012, n (%)	91 (21.0)	65 (16.5)		71 (19.5)	60 (16.4)
2013, n (%)	98 (22.6)	78 (19.8)		70 (19.2)	69 (18.9)
2014, n (%)	118 (27.3)	102 (25.9)		102 (27.9)	98 (26.8)
2015, n (%)	126 (29.1)	179 (45.4)		122 (33.4)	138 (37.8)
Adjuvant chemotherapy, n (%)	282 (65.1)	261 (66.2)	0.736	233 (63.8)	245 (67.1)	0.351

ERAS: Enhanced recovery after surgery; SD: Standard deviation; BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; NRS: Nutrition risk screening; pTNM: Pathologic tumor-node-metastasis.