Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in cirrhosis: An exhaustive critical update

Table 1 Summary of the randomised controlled trials on early (preemptive) transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

Ref.	No. of pts (TIPS/control)	Primary inclusion criteria	Primary and secondary end-points	Rebleeding (%; TIPS/control)	1-yr survival (%; TIPS/control)	HE (%; TIPS/control)
Monescillo et al[13]	26/26	HVPG > 20 mmHg	Primary: sensivity and specificity of HVPG cutoff value (20 mmHg) in predicting TFS, and assessment of TFS as well as short- and long-term survival; secondary: transfusional needs, ICU stay, complications during the first week of treatment, and causes of death	12/50	62/35	31/35
Garcia-Pagán et al[14]	32/31	Child–Pugh class C disease (a score of 10 to 13) or class B disease but with active bleeding at diagnostic endoscopy	Primary: failure to control bleeding and failure to prevent clinically significant variceal rebleeding within 1 yr; secondary: mortality at 6 wk and at 1 yr, failure to control acute bleeding, early rebleeding, rate of rebleeding between 6 wk and 1 yr, other complications of portal hypertension, the number of days in the ICU, days spent in the hospital, and the use of alternative treatments	3/50	86/61	25/39
Lv et al[20]	84/45	Child–Pugh class C disease (a score of 10 to 13) or class B disease (with or without active bleeding at diagnostic endoscopy)	Primary: TFS; secondary: failure to control bleeding or rebleeding, new or worsening ascites, overt HE, and other complications of portal hypertension	11/34	62/35	35/36
Dunne et al[21]	29/29	Child–Pugh class C disease (a score of 10 to 13) or class B disease (with or without active bleeding at diagnostic endoscopy); inability to control bleeding at index endoscopy was considered an exclusion criteria	Primary: 1-yr survival; secondary: survival at 6 wk, early rebleeding (within 6 wk) and late rebleeding (between 6 wk and 1 yr), and the development of HE	24/34	79/76	41/17

HVPG: Hepatic venous pressure gradient; TFS: Transplant free survival; ICU: Intensive care unit; HE: Hepatic encephalopathy.