Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor protects mice against hepatocellular carcinoma by ameliorating intestinal dysbiosis and attenuating inflammation

Figure 5 Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor normalized the fecal metabolomic profile detected in response to hepatocellular carcinoma. A: OPLS-DA score scatter plot comparing the control (purple), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (red), and HCC + granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (blue) groups; B: OPLS-DA score scatter plot comparing the HCC (red) and HCC + GM-CSF (blue) groups; C: Differential involvement of the metabolic pathways between the three groups; D: Heat map detailing the differential detection of metabolites comparing the HCC and HCC + GM-CSF groups. HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; GM-CSF: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.