Radiomics of rectal cancer for predicting distant metastasis and overall survival

Table 1 Patient and tumor characteristics in the training and validation sets

Characteristic	Training (n = 103)	Validation (n = 45)	P value
Age (yr)	60 ± 12	59 ± 11	0.513
Gender			0.156
Male	57	19
Female	46	26
Tumor size (long axis, mm)	49.4 ± 11.6	54.1 ± 14.6	0.040
Pathological T-stage			0.218
T1	11	2
T2	34	13
T3	55	29
T4	3	1
Pathological N-stage			0.018
N0	75	24
N1	18	12
N2	10	9
M-stage	0	0
Overall Stage (pTNM)			0.081
I	39	14
II	36	10
III	28	21
Pathological grade			0.222
Well	3	0
Moderate	78	32
Poor	22	13
CRM			0.788
Negativity	91	39
Positivity	12	6
Ki-67 (%)	52 ± 20	47 ± 21	0.261
Distant metastasis (+/-)	36/67	15/30	0.849
Distant metastasis1			0.394
Lung	16	13
Liver	19	8
Other (bone, brain, etc.)	6	6
Follow-up time (months)
DFS	29 ± 12	30 ± 12	0.638
OS	34 ± 5	34 ± 5	0.691

The data are presented as the mean ± the standard deviation.

¹A total of 51 patients had distant metastases within 3 years after surgery, and some of these patients had multiple organic metastases. CRM: Circumferential resection margin; DFS: Disease-free survival; OS: Overall survival.