Etiology and management of liver injury in patients with COVID-19

Table 1 Digestive system involvement in coronavirus disease 2019

Ref.	City	Sample size (n)	Disease severity	Preexisting digestive system diseases (%)	Digestive system symptoms
Guan et al[4]	Multicenter, China	1099	Nonsevere (84.3%); severe (15.7%)	Hepatitis B infection (2.1%)	Diarrhea (3.8%); nausea and vomiting (5.0%)
Zhou et al[5]	Wuhan, China	191	General (38%); severe (35%); critical (28%)	NA	Diarrhea (5%); nausea or vomiting (4%)
Chen et al[9]	Wuhan, China	99	NA	Digestive system disease (11%)	Diarrhea (2%); nausea and vomiting (1%)
Shi et al[10]	Wuhan, China	81	NA	Chronic liver disease (9%)	Diarrhea (4%); vomiting (5%)
Huang et al[11]	Wuhan, China	41	Nonsevere (68.3%); severe (31.7%)	Chronic liver disease (2%)	Diarrhea (3%)
Wu et al[12]	Jiangsu, China	80	Mild (35.0%); moderate (61.25%); severe (3.75%); critical (0%)	Digestive system disease (3.75%); chronic liver disease (1.25%);	Diarrhea (1.25%); nausea and vomiting (1.25%)
Xu et al[13]	Zhejiang, China	62	NA	Chronic liver disease (11%)	Diarrhea (8%)
Yang et al[14]	Wuhan, China	52	Critical (100%)	NA	Vomiting (4%)
Wang et al[15]	Wuhan, China	138	Nonsevere (73.9%); severe (26.1%)	Chronic liver disease (2.9%)	Diarrhea (10.1%); nausea (10.1%); vomiting (3.6%); abdominal pain (2.2%)
Pan et al[18]	Wuhan, China	21	Nonsevere (100%)	NA	Loss of appetite (43%)
Jin et al[7]	Zhejiang, China	651	Nonsevere (90.2%); severe/critical (9.8%)	Chronic liver disease (3.8%)	Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea (11.4%)
Xie et al[20]	Wuhan, China	79	Moderate (64.6%); severe (35.4%)	NA	Diarrhea (8.9%)
Chen et al[22]	Hubei, China	274	Recovered (58.8%); died (41.2%)	Gastrointestinal diseases (1%); hepatitis B virus positivity (4%)	Diarrhea (28%); nausea (9%); vomiting (6%); abdominal pain (7%)

COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019.