Role of minimally invasive surgery for rectal cancer

Table 4 Selected laparoscopic vs open rectal cancer surgery studies

Ref.	Yr	Trial	Surgery	n	OR Time (min)	EBL (mL)	CVR (%)	LOS (d)	Comp (%)	Mort (%)	DRM+ (%)	CRM+ (%)	LN	C-TME (%)	DFS (%)	OS (%)	LRR (%)
Guillou et al[6]	2005	MC RCT	Lap	253				11	59	4		12
			Open	128				13	50	5		6
Lujan et al[83]	2009	SC RCT	Lap	101	193	127	17	8	33		0	4	13		85	72	4.8
			Open	103	172	234		10	33		0	3	11		81	75	5.4
Kang et al[7]	2010	MC RCT	Lap	170	244	200	1	8	21			4	17	75
			Open	170	197	217		9	23			3	18	72
Liang et al[43]	2011	SC RCT	Lap	169	138				20				7			76
			Open	174	118				19				7			83
Lujan et al[84]	2013	MC PR	Lap	1387	217			8	38	1	1	10	14	82
			Open	3018	186			11	45	4	1	16	14	75
Van Der Pas et al[32]	2013	MC RCT	Lap	739	240	200	17	8	40	1		10	13	88
			Open	364	188	400		9	37	2		10	14	92
Jeong et al[82]	2014	MC RCT	Lap	170											72	88	2.6
			Open	170											79	85	4.9
Bonjer et al[8]	2015	MC RCT	Lap	699											75	87	5
			Open	345											71	84	5
Stevenson et al[10]	2015	MC RCT	Lap	238	210	100	9	8	19		1	7		87
			Open	235	190	150		8	25		1	3		92
Stevenson et al[12]	2019	MC RCT	Lap	225											80	94	5.4
			Open	225											82	93	3.1
Fleshman et al[9]	2015	MC RCT	Lap	240	266	256	11	7	57	1	2	12	18	92
			Open	222	220	318		7	58	1	2	8	17	95
Fleshman et al[11]	2019	MC RCT	Lap	240											80	85	4.6
			Open	222											83	86	4.5

CVR: Conversion rate; Comp: Complications; Mort: Mortality; CRM/DRM: Circumferential/distal resection margin; C-TME: Complete total mesorectal excision; sMC: Multicenter; RCT: Randomized controlled trial: SC: Single center; PR: Prospective review; OS: Overall survival; DFS: Disease-free survival; LRR: Local recurrence rates.