Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin upregulates heme oxygenase-1 in dendritic cells via reactive oxygen species-, mitogen-activated protein kinase-, and Nrf2-dependent pathway

Figure 1 Heme oxygenase-1 expression in dendritic cells stimulated with Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin. A and B: Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) (A, BMDCs) or primary murine intestinal epithelial cells (B, Murine intestinal epithelial cells, IECs) were stimulated with Bacteroides fragilis toxin (BFT) (100 ng/mL) for the indicated periods. Levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and β-actin mRNAs were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR using each standard RNA. The values are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 5). ^aP < 0.05 vs unstimulated controls. C: BMDCs, DC2.4 cells and murine IECs were treated with BFT (100 ng/mL) for the indicated periods. Expression of HO-1 and actin was analyzed by immunoblot. Results are representative of more than three independent experiments. IECs: Intestinal epithelial cells; HO-1: Heme oxygenase-1; BFT: Bacteroides fragilis toxin.