Role of nutritional status and nutritional support in outcome of hepatitis B virus-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure

Figure 4 Comparison of biomarkers of the gastrointestinal barrier and inflammation. A: The coccus-bacillus ratio in feces in the hepatitis B virus-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) group (1.2 ± 0.2) was higher than that of the control group (1.1 ± 0.3; P < 0.001); B: The level of serum D-lactate in the HBV-ACLF group (358.1 ± 74.6 µg/mL) was higher than that of the control group (8.0 ± 2.1 µg/mL; P < 0.001); C: The level of sIgA in the HBV-ACLF group (358.1 ± 74.6 mg/L) was higher than that of the control group (12.5 ± 4.2) mg/L; P < 0.001); D: The levels of endotoxin, IL-1, IL-10, and TNF-α in HBV-ACLF patients were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.001). HBV-ACLF: Hepatitis B virus-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure; IL-1: Interleukin-1; IL-10: Interleukin-10; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor alpha.