Quality of life in patients with gastroenteropancreatic tumours: A systematic literature review

Table 2 Literature reporting scores for health-related quality of life average global health score for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours patients using European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30

Ref.	Intervention/comparator	Time point	Global health score	Statistical analysis and P values, as presented in the literature
Arnold et al[31], 2005	Octreotide plus interferon alpha	Baseline	57.9	0.04 (between treatment arms at 3 mo)
		3 mo	51.2
	Octreotide monotherapy	Baseline	63
		3 mo	74.4
Cella et al[44], 2018	Telotristat ethyl	-	Overall: 55.4; Durable responders: 40; Non-durable responders: 66	NR (NS)
Fröjd et al[37], 2007	Various (i.e. interferon, octreotide, chemotherapy and other)	Timepoint 1	58	NR
		Timepoint 2	61	NR
		Timepoint 3	58	NR
		Timepoint 4	58	NR
van der Horst-Schrivers et al[67], 2009	NA	-	61.8	NR
Korse et al[30], 2009	Long-acting sandostatin LAR	Baseline	70	0.275 (repeated measurement analysis using mixed linear models)
		3 mo	71
		6 mo	67
		9 mo	68
		12 mo	64
Larsson et al[50], 2008	Erythropoietin	Baseline	56	NR (NS)
		4 mo	55
		8 mo	66
		2 yr	70
Larsson et al[25], 2001	Interferon, somatostatin analogue, interferon, and a somatostatin.	Baseline	68	NR (NS)
		3 mo	59
		6 mo	58
		9 mo	50
		12 mo	63
Larsson et al[26], 1999	Interferon and/or a somatostatin analogue for at least 4 weeks - Five patients were treated with interferon, three with a somatostatin analogue, and nine with a combination	-	64.71	NR
Larsson et al[38], 1999	Interferon and/or a somatostatin analogue	-	Overall: 66.7; HADS Anxiety (cases): 46; HADS Anxiety (non-cases): 71.6; HADS Depression (cases): 43; HADS Depression (non-cases): 70.2	< 0.001 between HADS anxiety “cases” (n = 19) and “non-cases” (n = 80) and 0.001 between HADS depression “cases” (n = 13) and “non-cases” (n = 86)
Larsson et al[69], 1998	Interferon and/or a somatostatin analogue and/or a combination	-	64.71	NR
Lewis et al[3], 2018	NA	-	Without CS: 63.0; With CS: 61.7	0.04 (between subpopulations)
Marinova et al[61], 2019	177Lu-DOTATATE	Baseline	62.6
		3 mo	66.7	< 0.05 (compared to baseline using mixed longitudinal model)
		6 mo	69.6	< 0.01 (compared to baseline using mixed longitudinal model)
		9 mo	69.4	< 0.01 (compared to baseline using mixed longitudinal model)
Meyer et al[42], 2014	Capecitabine and streptozocin plus cisplatin.	Baseline	69.3
		≤ 9 wk - after 3 × 3 weekly cycles	52.2	0.052 (compared to baseline)
		6 mo	56	0.68 (compared to baseline)
	Capecitabine and streptozocin	Baseline	67
		≤ 9 wk - after 3 × 3 weekly cycles	62.2	0.5 (compared to baseline)
		6 mo	68.9	0.75 (compared to baseline)
Mitry et al[40], 2014	Bevacizumab plus capecitabine	Baseline	67
		6 mo	63	NR (NS)
		12 mo	71	NR (NS)
Pavel et al[56], 2016	Everolimus	End of treatment (compared to baseline)	P-NET: -3.9; non P-NET: -13	NR
Ramage et al[54], 2019	Everolimus	1 mo	FAS Population (paired scores baseline and 1 m): 58	NR (NS)
			Continuing tx at 6m (paired scores baseline and 1 m): 56.9	NR (NS)
		2 mo	FAS Population (paired scores baseline and 2 m): 57.6	NR (NS)
			Continuing tx at 6m (paired scores baseline and 2 m): 56.9	NR (NS)
		3 mo	FAS Population (paired scores baseline and 3 m): 56.7	NR (NS)
			Continuing tx at 6m (paired scores baseline and 3 m): 56.3	NR (NS)
		4 mo	FAS Population (paired scores baseline and 4 m): 56	NR (NS)
			Continuing tx at 6 m (paired scores baseline and 4 m): 56.8	NR (NS)
		5 mo	FAS Population (paired scores baseline and 5 m): 56.6	NR (NS)
			Continuing tx at 6 m (paired scores baseline and 5 m): 58.6	NR (NS)
		6 mo	FAS Population (paired scores baseline and 6 m): 56.9	NR (NS)
			Continuing tx at 6 m (paired scores baseline and 6 m): 56.9	NR (NS)
Raymond et al[34], 2011	Sunitinib	Baseline	67
		"post-baseline"	62.4	NR
	Placebo	Baseline	64
		"post-baseline"	61.3	NR
Rinke et al[16], 2019	Long-acting octreotide	Baseline	64
	Placebo	Baseline	65.7
		12 wk	+4.13 (difference in global health score compared to placebo)	NR
		24 wk	+5.05 (difference in global health score compared to placebo)	NR
		36 wk	+1.85 (difference in global health score compared to placebo)	NR
Strosberg et al[17], 2018	177Lu-DOTATATE	Baseline	67	NR
	High-dose octreotide	Baseline	64	NR
Teunissen et al[62], 2004	177Lu-DOTATOC	Baseline	69
		6 wk	78.2	< 0.01 (Analysis of variance (two-sided) compared to baseline)
Vinik et al[35], 2016	Sunitinib	Baseline	67	NR (NS difference between arms)
		Up to cycle 10 (about 9 mo)	60.4
	Placebo	Baseline	64	NR (NS difference between arms)
		Up to cycle 10 (about 9 mo)	61.3
Wymenga et al[57], 1999	Lanreotide prolonged release	Baseline	60.4
		1 mo	69.7	0.001 (compared to baseline using t tests or Wilcoxon signed rank)
		End of treatment	65.5	NR (NS)
Yadegarfar et al[33], 2013	Somatostatin analogues or interferon therapy	Baseline	61
		3 mo	67	NR
		6 mo	67	NR
Zandee et al[58], 2019	177Lu-DOTATATE	Baseline	61.7
		3 mo (after final PRRT cycle)	79.5	0.002 (compared to baseline using paired t test)

NA: Not available; NET: Neuroendocrine tumours; CS: Carcinoid syndrome; NR: Not relevant; PRRT: Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy; NS: Not significant.